是由(you)管體(ti)(ti)(ti)、前(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵構(gou)成，管體(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)塑性(xing)材(cai)料制成，呈管狀，管體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小于正常炮眼(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度可(ke)隨爆破需要生產(chan)，管體(ti)(ti)(ti)兩(liang)(liang)端各有(you)外(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，兩(liang)(liang)端外(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)間(jian)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)縱向(xiang)切縫(feng)(feng)，切縫(feng)(feng)間(jian)等距(ju)有(you)加(jia)強筋，前(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈傘狀，傘形(xing)尖有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)光孔，兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)直壁內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與管體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)(qian)端螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合(he)，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管體(ti)(ti)(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)封蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，與前(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與管體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)端螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合(he)。可(ke)根據炮眼(yan)深度采用合(he)適的(de)聚能管管體(ti)(ti)(ti)，不需其(qi)他工具幫(bang)助送入(ru)炮眼(yan)，切縫(feng)(feng)方向(xiang)準(zhun)確，兩(liang)(liang)端的(de)前(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與炮眼(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，保證聚能管管體(ti)(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)向(xiang)準(zhun)確。且利于工業化生產(chan)，作業安(an)全

我國20世紀(ji)60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)利用斷(duan)裂力學對巖石(shi)損(sun)傷引起(qi)的裂紋擴(kuo)展(zhan)進(jin)行過試(shi)驗(yan)研究(jiu)，為(wei)(wei)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)爆破(po)技術應用到工程做了不少理論(lun)分析(xi)，也取得一些進(jin)展(zhan)。80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)中期開始進(jin)行應用研究(jiu)，以北京(jing)礦(kuang)業(ye)學院為(wei)(wei)代(dai)表，著重研究(jiu)了聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)切(qie)割饑理和應用。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)淮(huai)南礦(kuang)業(ye)學院取得“雙面切(qie)割器”的zhuanli，1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)又取得“大理石(shi)花崗巖切(qie)割技術應用”zhuanli。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)中國水電七局曾試(shi)圖采用硬質(zhi)紙加工聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)管(guan)成形聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)卷做過聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)預(yu)裂爆破(po)試(shi)驗(yan)研究(jiu)，但終(zhong)因當(dang)時(shi)的技術及工藝水平(ping)的限制(zhi)無法用于正常施工，但是(shi)他(ta)們開了橢圓雙極線性聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)結(jie)構(gou)試(shi)驗(yan)的先河。雙聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)預(yu)裂與光面爆破(po)綜合技術開創輪廓(kuo)控制(zhi)爆破(po)新時(shi)代(dai)。

在建造(zao)隧道(dao)(dao)的(de)時(shi)候，人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)首先想到(dao)的(de)個方(fang)式(shi)，就是(shi)使用(yong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術，開山挖隧道(dao)(dao)修路，常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術需(xu)要使用(yong)數以噸(dun)計(ji)的(de)炸(zha)，炸(zha)的(de)威(wei)力十分巨大，但是(shi)在炸(zha)完之后(hou)，空(kong)氣(qi)中全是(shi)煙塵(chen)(chen)，根本無法(fa)進入，另外常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)炸(zha)出來(lai)的(de)輪廓線(xian)(xian)凹凸不平(ping)，后(hou)期常常需(xu)要工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)進一(yi)步修補輪廓線(xian)(xian)才能(neng)進行下一(yi)道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)序，耗時(shi)耗力，那么(me)有沒有其他(ta)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)比(bi)(bi)常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術更好呢？2018年3月(yue)，央(yang)視報道(dao)(dao)了一(yi)場隧道(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)對比(bi)(bi)實驗(yan)，實驗(yan)采用(yong)兩種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術，滴喲中是(shi)使用(yong)炸(zha)的(de)常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術，第二種則是(shi)國人(ren)(ren)(ren)新發明的(de)聚能(neng)水壓光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術，隨(sui)著聲聲巨響，這場對比(bi)(bi)試驗(yan)的(de)結(jie)果超(chao)乎(hu)所有人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)意(yi)料，聚能(neng)水壓爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)效果更好，而且爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)產生(sheng)的(de)水霧能(neng)將煙塵(chen)(chen)覆(fu)蓋，起到(dao)降塵(chen)(chen)的(de)作用(yong)，這項爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)新方(fang)式(shi)得到(dao)了觀眾(zhong)們(men)的(de)認可。

專用深孔爆破聚能管水壓光面爆破技術，是在水壓光面爆破技術基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和爆破方式與水壓光面爆破相同，但在周邊眼中安裝專用聚能管裝置替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，利用聚能管產生的粒子射流動能、高壓爆破氣體應力及“氣楔”作用，形成平整圓順的開挖輪廓面，對控制超欠挖具有良好效果，有效提升了隧道施工質量、進度和經濟效益。平頂山深孔爆破聚能管科學合(he)理地(di)利用能源，提(ti)高能源利用效率，對節能減排(pai)也(ye)十分重要。利用聚(ju)能管兩(liang)端的(de)水平開出的(de)聚(ju)能槽產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)能射流效應對巖石(shi)進行破碎(sui)。據(ju)專家測算，由(you)于聚(ju)能管兩(liang)端聚(ju)能槽產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)能切割效應，其能效比提(ti)升一個量級。

我(wo)國于1983年制(zhi)定(ding)了(le)(le)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)行基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自(zi)此，在(zai)水利水電(dian)(dian)建設中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已成為必須進行的保護邊(bian)坡質量(liang)的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。此后在(zai)此基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上修(xiu)訂的《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在(zai)《水電(dian)(dian)水利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被(bei)編入并有(you)所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修(xiu)編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部也不僅規(gui)(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)邊(bian)坡，設計邊(bian)坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)坡部位的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設計和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術設計的原則和參數、安全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，而且(qie)還明確了(le)(le)路塹邊(bian)坡光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目質量(liang)驗收檢(jian)測(ce)數量(liang)和檢(jian)測(ce)方(fang)法。無(wu)疑該(gai)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的實施(shi)(shi)，有(you)力地推動和促進了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術在(zai)鐵路建設中(zhong)的應用與發展。