火(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞火(huo)焰點燃(ran)火(huo)雷(lei)管(guan)進而起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)。這種起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)所需的材(cai)料(liao)有(you)(you)：導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)、火(huo)雷(lei)管(guan)和點火(huo)材(cai)料(liao)。導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)操作簡單、靈活，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方便，成(cheng)本較低，廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于小型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破和掘進。由于導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)(suo)(suo)的速燃(ran)、緩燃(ran)等(deng)弊(bi)病(bing)，在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)事(shi)故(gu)所占比重最大。不能多處裝(zhuang)藥(yao)(yao)同時(shi)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)直(zhi)接起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)包的方法(fa)(fa)叫導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。先用(yong)(yong)(yong)雷(lei)管(guan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)，當導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳(chuan)(chuan)至(zhi)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)包時(shi)，將(jiang)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)引(yin)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在需要延時(shi)分(fen)段起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的地(di)方，將(jiang)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)中(zhong)接入(ru)繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)，就能達到(dao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破的目的。這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破法(fa)(fa)所需起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)(you)：雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)和繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)等(deng)。導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的有(you)(you)：串聯(lian)、簇(cu)并(bing)聯(lian)、單向分(fen)段并(bing)聯(lian)和雙向分(fen)段并(bing)聯(lian)等(deng)。

專業多向聚能管施工工藝嚴格遵循六字方針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要保證炮眼打眼質量,炮眼必須按技術要求合理布置。(2)要保證掏槽眼以及其他眼眼的打眼質量,一定要在規定位置上打眼;二南通多向聚能管要保證(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)深度(du)(du)和角度(du)(du)。(3)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)藥時,要保證(zheng)乳(ru)化炸藥在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)空內(nei)壁中(zhong)(zhong)填(tian)充飽滿不(bu)得有空隙出(chu)現時以(yi)產生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)在(zai)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)填(tian)時,要保證(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的兩條聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽指向巷道(dao)輪廓線方向并且各(ge)個(ge)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽軸線方面要保證(zheng)相互連(lian)接在(zai)隧道(dao)輪廓線上。否則成型效果不(bu)僅不(bu)好(hao),反(fan)而更差。(5)保證(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)堵塞(sai)質量。(6)放(fang)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)員應提(ti)前按規定裝(zhuang)好(hao)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的炸藥,并做好(hao)準備(bei)工(gong)作。試用范圍(wei):一級至(zhi)五級圍(wei)巖的光(guang)面爆破工(gong)程。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼(ke)體、引信和(he)(he)支架等部分組成，其(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)及對(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力(li)的(de)影響分述如(ru)下(xia)。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是(shi)(shi)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)破的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)爆(bao)壓越(yue)大，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力(li)越(yue)大；為得(de)到高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)壓，需高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)(gao)密度的(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常(chang)用(yong)炸(zha)(zha)有(you)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)、8321炸(zha)(zha)等，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)方法有(you)熔鑄，塑(su)(su)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)(he)壓裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)多(duo)(duo)種。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)把炸(zha)(zha)的(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)成罩(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)料(liao)的(de)射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高(gao)(gao)其(qi)穿透(tou)和(he)(he)切(qie)割能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)必須滿足四點要求，即(ji)可壓縮性(xing)小、密度高(gao)(gao)、塑(su)(su)性(xing)和(he)(he)延展性(xing)好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成射(she)流中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不汽(qi)化(hua)。大量(liang)試驗(yan)證明(ming)，用(yong)紫(zi)銅(tong)制作(zuo)型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其(qi)次為鑄鐵(tie)、鋼和(he)(he)陶(tao)瓷(ci)。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)多(duo)(duo)種多(duo)(duo)樣，主(zhu)要有(you)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，如(ru)圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)喇叭(ba)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面(mian)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)有(you)用(yong)于切(qie)割屬板(ban)材(cai)的(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)用(yong)于切(qie)割管(guan)(guan)材(cai)的(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，這種球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心有(you)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)(he)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷(fu)設炸(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間(jian)同時起爆(bao)，可在(zai)空腔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心點獲得(de)極大的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)面(mian)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。

在工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)能(neng)使(shi)雷(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)(suo)需的(de)(de)器材有(you)：電(dian)雷(lei)管、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源。電(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)(de)連接形式，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)規模、工(gong)程的(de)(de)重(zhong)要性、所(suo)(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力等進(jin)行選擇(ze)，基(ji)本連接方(fang)(fang)式有(you)：串聯(lian)(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)、串并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)和并(bing)串聯(lian)(lian)等。電(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效等優點(dian)，在國內(nei)外仍(reng)占有(you)較大比重(zhong)。在大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)，主(zhu)要仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受(shou)各(ge)種電(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而發生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)雜散(san)電(dian)、靜電(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，不(bu)能(neng)使(shi)用(yong)普通電(dian)雷(lei)管。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)破碎(sui)法特點(dian)是:不(bu)需要(yao)打(da)眼(yan)，因(yin)而不(bu)需要(yao)購買打(da)眼(yan)設(she)備和動(dong)力設(she)備;施工(gong)(gong)簡單(dan)，施工(gong)(gong)進度(du)比淺(qian)眼(yan)爆(bao)破法快安全性比普通淺(qian)眼(yan)爆(bao)破法和普通裸露(lu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)法好(hao);勞動(dong)強度(du)比淺(qian)眼(yan)爆(bao)破法低。制(zhi)造(zao)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)所采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you):黑索(suo)金和梯恩(en)梯混合熔(rong)鑄型;乳(ru)化油(you)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和黑索(suo)金混裝型和二號巖(yan)石硝鉸(jiao)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)壓(ya)制(zhi)型。根據使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)證明，選(xuan)用(yong)密度(du)較大(da)(da)和爆(bao)速較高的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)造(zao)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)獲得較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)破碎(sui)效果(guo)。這主(zhu)要(yao)是由(you)于(yu)(yu)它(ta)加工(gong)(gong)簡單(dan)和破碎(sui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力較大(da)(da)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)礦山(shan)由(you)于(yu)(yu)二次(ci)破碎(sui)消耗的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)較多，而且金屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)費工(gong)(gong)又費材料，所以多不(bu)采用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩(zhao)。國內生產的(de)(de)(de)一種用(yong)于(yu)(yu)破碎(sui)大(da)(da)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)，裝置聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)時(shi)，要(yao)將藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)垂直裝在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)面(mian)上，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)穴朝下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)位(wei)置應選(xuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)頂(ding)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)幾何中心或附近較平整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)地點(dian)。然后在(zai)(zai)(zai)上面(mian)覆蓋泥沙。

光面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)技(ji)術優勢：相對于傳統爆破(po)工藝，聚能管(guan)光面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)比常規爆破(po)具有以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下優勢∶少打眼，少裝藥(yao)。節(jie)(jie)約周邊(bian)鉆(zhan)孔量(liang)50%，總鉆(zhan)孔進(jin)(jin)尺減少30%；節(jie)(jie)約炸藥(yao)10～20%，雷管(guan)30%。節(jie)(jie)約噴(pen)(pen)漿(jiang)(jiang)料15-20%。節(jie)(jie)省時間∶每循環鉆(zhan)孔、裝藥(yao)、噴(pen)(pen)漿(jiang)(jiang)時間1.5-2.0小時。在安全方(fang)面(mian)(mian)利用水沙袋(dai)替代(dai)炮泥，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)避免(mian)搗炮泥損毀(hui)電(dian)雷管(guan)導(dao)線，造(zao)成瞎炮。大(da)大(da)減少對圍巖擾動，光面(mian)(mian)效果好，巖性(xing)條(tiao)件差情況下可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)大(da)減少超挖量(liang)，控制巷(xiang)道(dao)成型；巖性(xing)完整無節(jie)(jie)理情況下眼痕率(lv)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)達到90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上，巷(xiang)道(dao)成型好，穩定性(xing)強。布孔方(fang)式優化成多排掏槽布孔，單次掘進(jin)(jin)深度可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)優化提高10%到15%不等。由于炮孔數量(liang)大(da)大(da)減少可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)考(kao)慮一(yi)起全斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)起爆，節(jie)(jie)省放(fang)炮時間。