我國(guo)于1983年制(zhi)定了《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物巖(yan)行基礎開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此，在水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電建(jian)(jian)設中預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為(wei)必須進行的(de)(de)保(bao)護邊(bian)坡(po)質量的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開(kai)挖(wa)技術措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。此后在此基礎上(shang)修(xiu)訂(ding)的(de)(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物巖(yan)石(shi)基礎開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及(ji)在《水(shui)電水(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物巖(yan)石(shi)基礎開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均(jun)被編(bian)入(ru)并有(you)(you)所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修(xiu)編(bian)為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部(bu)(bu)也(ye)不僅規(gui)(gui)定了凡是Ⅲ級(ji)以上(shang)的(de)(de)巖(yan)石(shi)邊(bian)坡(po)，設計邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡(po)部(bu)(bu)位的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設計和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用(yong)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或(huo)預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡述了光(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術設計的(de)(de)原(yuan)則和(he)(he)參數(shu)、安全措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還明確了路塹邊(bian)坡(po)光(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目(mu)質量驗收檢(jian)測數(shu)量和(he)(he)檢(jian)測方法。無疑該規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，有(you)(you)力地推動和(he)(he)促進了光(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術在鐵路建(jian)(jian)設中的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)與發展(zhan)。

是由管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)錐形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽、后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)構成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為塑性材料制成(cheng)，呈管(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小(xiao)于正常炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可隨爆破需(xu)要生產，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩端(duan)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)外螺(luo)紋，兩端(duan)外螺(luo)紋間有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)縱向(xiang)切(qie)縫(feng)，切(qie)縫(feng)間等距有(you)(you)(you)(you)加(jia)強筋，前(qian)錐形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽呈傘狀，傘形尖有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)光孔，兩側直(zhi)壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)螺(luo)紋，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)螺(luo)紋配(pei)合(he)(he)，帽體(ti)(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)為一(yi)(yi)封蓋(gai)，外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)螺(luo)紋，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)端(duan)螺(luo)紋配(pei)合(he)(he)。可根據炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深度(du)采(cai)用合(he)(he)適(shi)的(de)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需(xu)其他工(gong)具幫助(zhu)送入炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)，切(qie)縫(feng)方向(xiang)準確(que)，兩端(duan)的(de)前(qian)錐形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽和后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致，保證聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同(tong)心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確(que)。且利于工(gong)業(ye)化生產，作業(ye)安全

水壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)(shu)在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)掘進作(zuo)業中(zhong)的(de)實(shi)際應(ying)用。提升光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)水平(ping)、嚴(yan)抓隧(sui)道(dao)超(chao)挖管(guan)控進行了介(jie)紹。聚能(neng)水壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)藝(yi)技術(shu)(shu)很(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操作(zuo)性很(hen)強、材料(liao)成(cheng)本很(hen)低、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)速(su)度(du)很(hen)快、節能(neng)環保效果(guo)很(hen)顯著(zhu)、經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)社會(hui)效益(yi)很(hen)高。一是要(yao)(yao)(yao)提高對(dui)推(tui)(tui)廣該項(xiang)(xiang)技術(shu)(shu)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)性和(he)必(bi)然(ran)性的(de)認識;二是要(yao)(yao)(yao)樹立必(bi)須采取(qu)聚能(neng)水壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)意識;三是要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持培訓、示范、監(jian)督“三位一體”;四是要(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)定切(qie)實(shi)的(de)獎懲(cheng)制(zhi)度(du);五(wu)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)建立檢(jian)查監(jian)督機(ji)制(zhi)，持續促進該項(xiang)(xiang)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)深(shen)入推(tui)(tui)廣。在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)現場管(guan)理(li)、科(ke)技創新(xin)(xin)、人才培養、經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)不足。建議(yi)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)一線基礎技術(shu)(shu)工(gong)作(zuo)扎實(shi)推(tui)(tui)進;對(dui)新(xin)(xin)工(gong)藝(yi)、先進工(gong)法要(yao)(yao)(yao)深(shen)入學習鉆研;對(dui)消極(ji)懈怠、故步自(zi)封的(de)思想要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)。

平頂山深孔爆破聚能管的軍事應用：聚能爆破技術，早在二次世界大戰期間就在軍事方面廣泛應用。國內在聚能破甲技術如大錐角反艦導彈戰斗部和大錐角反坦克地雷以及敏感彈戰斗部等方面取得了較為快速的發展，我國20世紀60年代打破國外技術封鎖獨立自主研發成功原子彈就是得力于聚能爆破技術轟擊核裝置而引爆原子彈。專用深孔爆破聚能管的民爆(bao)應用(yong)——切槽爆(bao)破技(ji)術：聚能(neng)爆(bao)破用(yong)于工(gong)程建設(she)也是20世紀60年代開(kai)始的，首先是瑞典的U﹒Langefors提出(chu)孔壁切槽爆(bao)破利(li)用(yong)槽口應力集中定向開(kai)裂的設(she)想，后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是有效的。70年代國外廣泛研究和應用(yong)了(le)切槽爆(bao)破技(ji)術。

采用(yong)一種(zhong)抗(kang)靜電(dian)阻(zu)燃的(de)特種(zhong)塑料管(guan)、異形雙(shuang)槽(cao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)，根據炮眼(yan)深(shen)度可(ke)長可(ke)短。是兩個(ge)相似半壁(bi)管(guan)組(zu)成(cheng)，半壁(bi)管(guan)中(zhong)央有(you)個(ge)凹進去的(de)槽(cao)叫(jiao)做'聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)"，使用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破成(cheng)型(xing)效(xiao)果好(hao)，開挖輪(lun)廓線平順整齊，圍巖擾(rao)動減(jian)少(shao)(shao)、超欠挖明(ming)顯改善，有(you)利于(yu)支護工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，同時混凝土回填成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)大為降低(di)。鑿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)率(lv)(lv)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)30%，大大降低(di)了爆(bao)(bao)破作業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)班的(de)勞(lao)動量:鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)縮短30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)、出渣量減(jian)少(shao)(shao)，降低(di)了材料成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、減(jian)少(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時消耗、勞(lao)動效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)明(ming)顯提(ti)高(gao)，周邊眼(yan)爆(bao)(bao)破成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)降低(di)30%以(yi)上(shang)，半眼(yan)痕保留(liu)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)達85%以(yi)上(shang)。pvc爆(bao)(bao)破聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)主要應用(yong)于(yu)隧道、煤(mei)礦、鐵礦等需要進行光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程。采用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)，擴(kuo)大孔(kong)(kong)(kong)距，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)管(guan)用(yong)量，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)超挖，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)噴漿，提(ti)高(gao)半孔(kong)(kong)(kong)率(lv)(lv)，既(ji)節省了成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)又提(ti)高(gao)了施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。

施工(gong)因其(qi)復雜性、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)性、危險性，稍(shao)有(you)不(bu)慎(shen)，將對人(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命財(cai)(cai)產安(an)全造成不(bu)可估量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)，例(li)如(ru)廣東宏大(da)寧夏“10.16”、山東保(bao)利(li)“5.20”等(deng)重大(da)安(an)全事故。因此，相(xiang)較其(qi)他行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)，國家出臺的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關法律(lv)法規多(duo)、專(zhuan)、嚴，從爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)材(cai)(cai)料（炸藥、雷管、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索?管?及(ji)相(xiang)關材(cai)(cai)料）的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產、購(gou)進(jin)、運輸(shu)、儲存(cun)、發(fa)放、布網、連接(jie)、起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、排(pai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)等(deng)一系列程序均(jun)有(you)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)規定和(he)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作規程，并且相(xiang)關從業(ye)(ye)單位和(he)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)均(jun)應(ying)取得相(xiang)應(ying)資(zi)質。做為(wei)各(ge)類爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中不(bu)可或(huo)(huo)缺的(de)(de)(de)一種導線(xian)，特別不(bu)同(tong)于一般的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜，其(qi)質量(liang)要求及(ji)各(ge)項技術參(can)數也與(yu)普通電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜不(bu)同(tong)。部(bu)分家庭作坊式的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜廠無科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產工(gong)藝、無基本的(de)(de)(de)檢測設(she)備、無專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)技術人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，甚(shen)至不(bu)知道爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)要求和(he)技術參(can)數，更不(bu)可能制訂自己的(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)標準，僅憑簡陋的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備、以粗糙的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)仿進(jin)行(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產經營活動，致(zhi)使市場充(chong)斥(chi)著(zhu)假(jia)冒(mao)偽(wei)劣產品，導致(zhi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中提前(qian)或(huo)(huo)延遲起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、盲炮(pao)增加且強制排(pai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)困難，給(gei)人(ren)(ren)身安(an)全和(he)財(cai)(cai)產以及(ji)正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產經營活動造成了(le)不(bu)可估量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)。