我國于1983年制定了(le)(le)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物巖行基礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規(gui)范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此(ci)，在水利水電(dian)建設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)預裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)(yu)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)已成為(wei)必須進(jin)(jin)行的(de)(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)坡質量(liang)的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)開挖(wa)技(ji)術措施(shi)。此(ci)后在此(ci)基礎(chu)上(shang)修(xiu)訂的(de)(de)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物巖石基礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規(gui)范》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水電(dian)水利爆(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物巖石基礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)(zhong)預裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)(yu)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)均(jun)被編入并(bing)有所改進(jin)(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正(zheng)在修(xiu)編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部(bu)也(ye)不(bu)僅規(gui)定了(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上(shang)的(de)(de)巖石邊(bian)坡，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)坡坡度(du)為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡部(bu)位的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)或預裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述(shu)了(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則和(he)參數、安全措施(shi)，而且還明確了(le)(le)路塹邊(bian)坡光(guang)面(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)項目質量(liang)驗收檢測數量(liang)和(he)檢測方法。無疑該規(gui)程的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)，有力地推動和(he)促進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術在鐵(tie)路建設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)應(ying)用與(yu)(yu)發展。

在(zai)(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使雷(lei)(lei)(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)器材(cai)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)管、導線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路(lu)的(de)連(lian)接形式，要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工程的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力(li)等(deng)進(jin)行選擇(ze)，基本(ben)連(lian)接方(fang)式有(you)：串聯、并聯、串并聯和并串聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效等(deng)優點，在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內外(wai)仍占(zhan)有(you)較大比重(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主要(yao)(yao)仍是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在(zai)(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)(yao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受(shou)各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)干擾而發生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，不能(neng)使用(yong)普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)管。

阜陽深孔爆破多向聚能管是由管體、前錐形定格帽、后定格堵構成，管體為塑性材料制成，呈管狀，管體外徑小于正常炮眼內徑，長度可隨爆破需要生產，管體兩端各有外螺紋，兩端外螺紋間有一縱向切縫，切縫間等距有加強筋，前錐形定格帽呈傘狀，傘形尖有一光孔，兩側直壁內徑有螺紋，與管體外徑前端螺紋配合，帽體外徑大于管體，后定格堵為一封蓋，外徑直徑大于管體外徑，與前錐形定格帽外徑一致，后定格堵內徑有螺紋，與管體外徑后端螺紋配合。專業深孔爆破多向聚能管可根據炮(pao)眼深度(du)采(cai)用合適(shi)的聚能(neng)管管體，不需其他工(gong)具幫助送入炮(pao)眼，切(qie)縫方向(xiang)準確，兩端(duan)的前錐(zhui)形定格(ge)帽和后定格(ge)堵外徑(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)眼內徑(jing)一致(zhi)，保(bao)證(zheng)聚能(neng)管管體同心(xin)，定向(xiang)準確。且利于工(gong)業(ye)化生產(chan)，作(zuo)業(ye)安全

水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術，是在(zai)水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術基礎上發展起來的(de)一項新技術，其掏槽(cao)眼、輔(fu)助眼裝藥(yao)結構和爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)方式與水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)相同，但在(zai)周邊眼中(zhong)安(an)裝專用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝置替代(dai)常規爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)線，利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)產(chan)生的(de)粒子射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)應(ying)(ying)力及“氣(qi)(qi)楔”作(zuo)用(yong)，形成平整圓順的(de)開挖輪廓(kuo)面(mian)，對(dui)控制超欠挖具(ju)有(you)良好效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提升了隧道施工質(zhi)量(liang)、進度和經濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益。科學合(he)理地利(li)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)，對(dui)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也十(shi)分重要(yao)。利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩(liang)端的(de)水平開出(chu)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產(chan)生的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)巖石進行破(po)(po)(po)碎。據專家測算，由于聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩(liang)端聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產(chan)生的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)切(qie)割效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)比提升一個量(liang)級。