火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法，導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法是利用(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)傳(chuan)遞火(huo)(huo)焰點燃火(huo)(huo)雷管(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)。這種起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法所(suo)需的(de)材料(liao)有(you)：導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)、火(huo)(huo)雷管(guan)(guan)和(he)點火(huo)(huo)材料(liao)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法操作簡單、靈活(huo)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)便，成本較低，廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于小型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)和(he)掘進(jin)(jin)。由于導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)的(de)速燃、緩燃等(deng)弊病(bing)，在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)事故所(suo)占比重最大。不能多處裝藥(yao)同時起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法，用(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)直接起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)包(bao)的(de)方(fang)法叫導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法。先用(yong)(yong)雷管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)，當導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳(chuan)至炸(zha)藥(yao)包(bao)時，將炸(zha)藥(yao)引(yin)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在需要延時分段起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)地(di)方(fang)，將導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)中(zhong)接入繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)，就能達到導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)目的(de)。這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)法所(suo)需起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材料(liao)有(you)：雷管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)和(he)繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)等(deng)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常用(yong)(yong)的(de)有(you)：串聯(lian)、簇并聯(lian)、單向分段并聯(lian)和(he)雙向分段并聯(lian)等(deng)。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼體、引信和支架等部分組成(cheng)，其(qi)作用(yong)及對(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包威(wei)力(li)的(de)(de)影響分述如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)越大(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威(wei)力(li)越大(da)；為(wei)(wei)得到高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)壓(ya)，需(xu)高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)(gao)密度(du)的(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常(chang)用(yong)炸(zha)(zha)有(you)(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)等，裝(zhuang)方法(fa)有(you)(you)熔鑄，塑裝(zhuang)和壓(ya)裝(zhuang)多(duo)(duo)種。2．型(xing)罩(zhao)，型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)是(shi)把炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成(cheng)罩(zhao)體材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高(gao)(gao)其(qi)穿(chuan)透和切割(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)必須滿足四點要求(qiu)，即(ji)可壓(ya)縮性(xing)小、密度(du)高(gao)(gao)、塑性(xing)和延展性(xing)好(hao)，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射(she)流中不(bu)汽化。大(da)量(liang)試驗證明(ming)，用(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)罩(zhao)效(xiao)果好(hao)，其(qi)次(ci)為(wei)(wei)鑄鐵、鋼(gang)和陶(tao)瓷(ci)。型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)(duo)種多(duo)(duo)樣，主要有(you)(you)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱型(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)稱型(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)有(you)(you)用(yong)于(yu)切割(ge)(ge)屬板(ban)材(cai)的(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和用(yong)于(yu)切割(ge)(ge)管(guan)材(cai)的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)兩(liang)種；中心(xin)對(dui)稱型(xing)，這種球形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中心(xin)有(you)(you)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和球形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)(zha)，若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同時起爆(bao)，可在(zai)空腔中心(xin)點獲得極大(da)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)集中。在(zai)工程中常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱型(xing)和面對(dui)稱型(xing)兩(liang)類(lei)型(xing)罩(zhao)。

聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)法特點是(shi):不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)打眼(yan)(yan)，因而(er)不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)購買打眼(yan)(yan)設(she)(she)備和(he)動(dong)力(li)設(she)(she)備;施(shi)工(gong)簡單(dan)，施(shi)工(gong)進度比(bi)(bi)淺眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)法快安(an)全性(xing)比(bi)(bi)普通淺眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)法和(he)普通裸露(lu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包法好;勞動(dong)強(qiang)度比(bi)(bi)淺眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)法低。制(zhi)造聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包所采用的(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑(hei)索金(jin)和(he)梯恩梯混合熔鑄型;乳化(hua)油炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)黑(hei)索金(jin)混裝(zhuang)型和(he)二號巖石硝鉸炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制(zhi)型。根據(ju)使(shi)用的(de)結果證明(ming)，選用密度較(jiao)(jiao)大和(he)爆(bao)速較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)造聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包能(neng)獲得較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)效(xiao)果。這主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)由(you)于它加工(gong)簡單(dan)和(he)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)能(neng)力(li)較(jiao)(jiao)大。在(zai)礦山(shan)由(you)于二次破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)消耗的(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包較(jiao)(jiao)多，而(er)且金(jin)屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩的(de)加工(gong)費(fei)工(gong)又(you)費(fei)材(cai)料，所以多不采用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩。國內生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)一種用于破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)大塊的(de)聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包，裝(zhuang)置聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包時(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包垂(chui)直(zhi)裝(zhuang)在(zai)大塊的(de)頂面上(shang)，聚能(neng)穴朝(chao)下(xia)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包位置應(ying)選在(zai)頂面的(de)幾何(he)中心或附近較(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)整的(de)地點。然(ran)后在(zai)上(shang)面覆蓋泥沙。

專用爆破聚能管施工工藝嚴格遵循六字方針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要保證炮眼打眼質量,炮眼必須按技術要求合理布置。(2)要保證掏槽眼以及其他眼眼的打眼質量,一定要在規定位置上打眼;二信陽爆破聚能管要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)眼深度和角度。(3)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)時,要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)乳(ru)化(hua)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)在聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)中空內壁中填充飽滿(man)不得有空隙出現(xian)時以產(chan)生拒爆(bao)。(4)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)在炮(pao)眼中裝(zhuang)填時,要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)兩條(tiao)聚(ju)能(neng)槽指向巷道輪(lun)廓線方向并且(qie)各個炮(pao)眼聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)槽軸(zhou)線方面要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)相互連接(jie)在隧(sui)道輪(lun)廓線上。否(fou)則(ze)成型效(xiao)果不僅(jin)不好(hao),反(fan)而更差。(5)保(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)眼堵塞質(zhi)量。(6)放炮(pao)員應(ying)提前按規定裝(zhuang)好(hao)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao),并做好(hao)準備工作。試用范圍:一級至五級圍巖的(de)(de)(de)光面爆(bao)破(po)工程(cheng)。