預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技術的歷史(shi)與(yu)現(xian)狀：預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)沿設計(ji)開挖(wa)邊(bian)界布置密(mi)(mi)集炮(pao)孔，采(cai)(cai)取(qu)不耦合裝藥或裝填(tian)低(di)威(wei)(wei)力(li)炸(zha)藥，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)區(qu)之前起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)區(qu)與(yu)保留區(qu)之間形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)縫，以(yi)減弱主爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)對(dui)保留巖體(ti)的破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)壞并(bing)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)平整輪廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)沿設計(ji)開挖(wa)邊(bian)界布設密(mi)(mi)集炮(pao)孔，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)不耦合裝藥或裝填(tian)低(di)威(wei)(wei)力(li)炸(zha)藥，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)之后(hou)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)的以(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)平整的開挖(wa)輪廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技術的發展(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)先出現(xian)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，然后(hou)衍生發展(zhan)(zhan)為預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能(neng)管國內歷史(shi)與(yu)現(xian)狀，我國于1964～1965年(nian)在(zai)湖(hu)北陸水(shui)水(shui)電站施工中(zhong)(zhong)做過淺孔預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年(nian)鐵(tie)道(dao)部門在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)昆鐵(tie)路(lu)建設中(zhong)(zhong)開始試驗(yan)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，1977年(nian)在(zai)西(xi)延線張家船(chuan)工點，全(quan)(quan)長近200m的2000m2路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡全(quan)(quan)部采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)后(hou)邊(bian)坡平整穩定，殘留的半孔清晰可見，是(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)路(lu)建設中(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)路(lu)塹光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。

采(cai)用一種抗靜電阻燃的(de)(de)(de)特種塑料(liao)管(guan)、異形雙槽(cao)聚能(neng)管(guan)，根據炮眼(yan)深度(du)可(ke)(ke)長可(ke)(ke)短(duan)。是兩個(ge)相(xiang)似半(ban)(ban)壁(bi)管(guan)組成(cheng)，半(ban)(ban)壁(bi)管(guan)中央有個(ge)凹進去的(de)(de)(de)槽(cao)叫做'聚能(neng)槽(cao)"，使用聚能(neng)管(guan)光面爆(bao)(bao)破成(cheng)型效果好，開(kai)挖(wa)輪(lun)廓線平順整齊，圍巖擾動(dong)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)、超(chao)欠挖(wa)明顯(xian)改(gai)善，有利于(yu)(yu)支護工(gong)(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，同時混凝土回(hui)填(tian)成(cheng)本(ben)大為降低(di)。鑿孔(kong)(kong)率(lv)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)30%，大大降低(di)了(le)(le)爆(bao)(bao)破作業工(gong)(gong)班的(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)量(liang):鉆孔(kong)(kong)縮短(duan)30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)、出渣量(liang)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)，降低(di)了(le)(le)材料(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)、減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)時消(xiao)耗、勞動(dong)效率(lv)明顯(xian)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，周邊眼(yan)爆(bao)(bao)破成(cheng)本(ben)降低(di)30%以上(shang)，半(ban)(ban)眼(yan)痕保留率(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)達85%以上(shang)。pvc爆(bao)(bao)破聚能(neng)管(guan)主要(yao)應用于(yu)(yu)隧道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵礦(kuang)等(deng)需(xu)要(yao)進行光面爆(bao)(bao)破施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程。采(cai)用聚能(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)光面爆(bao)(bao)破可(ke)(ke)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)鉆孔(kong)(kong)，擴大孔(kong)(kong)距，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)管(guan)用量(liang)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)超(chao)挖(wa)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)噴漿，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)半(ban)(ban)孔(kong)(kong)率(lv)，既節省了(le)(le)成(cheng)本(ben)又提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)效率(lv)。

在(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)、礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)、水庫等(deng)(deng)大(da)型工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)很(hen)關鍵(jian)很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)。采礦(kuang)修路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)開山(shan)(shan)挖隧道，城市(shi)(shi)對舊(jiu)建筑物的(de)(de)拆除，都會用(yong)(yong)到爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術。隨(sui)著經濟的(de)(de)發展、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)的(de)(de)增多，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)引起了人們更(geng)多的(de)(de)關注。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)作(zuo)為一種科學技(ji)(ji)術，應用(yong)(yong)很(hen)廣，但在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)無疑是(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)、常見(jian)的(de)(de)，采礦(kuang)開山(shan)(shan)，修鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)、公路(lu)(lu)用(yong)(yong)鉆爆(bao)(bao)法來開掘(jue)隧道，水利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)用(yong)(yong)一些，城市(shi)(shi)里面(mian)也(ye)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)了，拆除樓房。利(li)用(yong)(yong)炸爆(bao)(bao)炸產生的(de)(de)巨大(da)能量破(po)(po)(po)壞某(mou)種物體的(de)(de)原(yuan)結構，這(zhe)種"破(po)(po)(po)壞"效果不是(shi)其他方(fang)法能代替的(de)(de)，它雖(sui)然不是(shi)獨立完成一個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，但卻是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)，特(te)別是(shi)石方(fang)開挖、礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)開采等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)缺少了這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)還(huan)不行。中國(guo)目(mu)前有發達的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)和公路(lu)(lu)交通網，可以(yi)想象，當初在(zai)修這(zhe)些路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)會遇(yu)到許多高山(shan)(shan)峻嶺，一座(zuo)大(da)山(shan)(shan)橫(heng)在(zai)兩地之間，想要(yao)修路(lu)(lu)，就必(bi)須(xu)讓這(zhe)座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)消失，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)時候(hou)(hou)聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)就起到決定性作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)了。

火索起爆法，導火索起爆法是利用導火索傳遞火焰點燃火雷管進而起爆炸藥。這種起爆法所需的材料有：導火索、火雷管和點火材料。專業深孔爆破聚能管導火索起爆法操作簡單、靈活，使用方便，成本較低，廣泛應用于小型爆破和掘進。由于導火索的速燃、緩燃等弊病，在爆破中事故所占比重最大。不能多處裝藥同時起爆。導爆索起爆法，深孔爆破聚能管公司用導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)直(zhi)接(jie)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥包(bao)的方(fang)法叫(jiao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法。先用雷(lei)管(guan)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)，當導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳至(zhi)炸藥包(bao)時，將(jiang)(jiang)炸藥引(yin)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。在(zai)需要延時分段(duan)(duan)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)的地方(fang)，將(jiang)(jiang)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)中接(jie)入繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)，就(jiu)能(neng)達(da)到(dao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破的目(mu)的。這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破法所需起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)材料有：雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)和(he)繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)等。導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常(chang)用的有：串聯(lian)(lian)、簇(cu)并聯(lian)(lian)、單向(xiang)分段(duan)(duan)并聯(lian)(lian)和(he)雙向(xiang)分段(duan)(duan)并聯(lian)(lian)等。