專用雙向爆破聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破,在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%,周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%,混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。漯河雙向爆破聚能管水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)比(bi)水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)每(mei)循環(huan)節(jie)(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)258.4元,即(ji)每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)(jie)約76較(jiao)元,節(jie)(jie)約費(fei)用(yong)比(bi)例達32%。此外,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)效降低隧道(dao)內(nei)石渣塊度和粉塵(chen)含量,還可使通風時間(jian)有(you)效縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)工藝技(ji)術(shu)(shu)很(hen)(hen)成熟(shu)、可操作性很(hen)(hen)強(qiang)、材料成本很(hen)(hen)低、施工速度很(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)保效果很(hen)(hen)顯著、經濟(ji)效益社會效益很(hen)(hen)高。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管定(ding)(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)是近(jin)幾(ji)年發展(zhan)起來(lai)的一項掘進新技(ji)術(shu)(shu),這種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與(yu)傳統的光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)有(you)一定(ding)(ding)的差別,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管定(ding)(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)原理是在巷(xiang)道(dao)周邊(bian)眼(yan)中(zhong),將炸裝(zhuang)在聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管中(zhong)起爆(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong),以(yi)減少裂(lie)隙的數(shu)量和控制(zhi)優勢裂(lie)隙的發展(zhan)方向。
的(de)軍(jun)事應用:聚能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu),早(zao)在(zai)二次世界大戰(zhan)期間就在(zai)軍(jun)事方(fang)面廣泛(fan)應用。國內在(zai)聚能(neng)破(po)甲技(ji)(ji)術(shu)如大錐(zhui)角(jiao)反艦導彈戰(zhan)斗部和(he)大錐(zhui)角(jiao)反坦克地雷以及敏感彈戰(zhan)斗部等(deng)方(fang)面取得(de)了(le)較為快速的(de)發展,我國20世紀(ji)60年(nian)代打破(po)國外技(ji)(ji)術(shu)封鎖獨立自主研(yan)發成(cheng)功(gong)原(yuan)子彈就是(shi)得(de)力于聚能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)轟擊核裝(zhuang)置而引爆(bao)(bao)原(yuan)子彈。的(de)民爆(bao)(bao)應用——切(qie)(qie)槽爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu):聚能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)用于工程建設也是(shi)20世紀(ji)60年(nian)代開始的(de),首(shou)先(xian)是(shi)瑞典(dian)的(de)U﹒Langefors提出孔壁切(qie)(qie)槽爆(bao)(bao)破(po)利用槽口應力集中定(ding)向開裂(lie)的(de)設想,后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是(shi)有效的(de)。70年(nian)代國外廣泛(fan)研(yan)究和(he)應用了(le)切(qie)(qie)槽爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。
火(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法,導火(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法是(shi)利用(yong)導火(huo)索(suo)(suo)傳遞火(huo)焰點燃火(huo)雷(lei)管進而起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)。這(zhe)種起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法所需(xu)的(de)(de)材料(liao)有:導火(huo)索(suo)(suo)、火(huo)雷(lei)管和(he)點火(huo)材料(liao)。導火(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法操(cao)作(zuo)簡單(dan)、靈活,使用(yong)方便(bian),成(cheng)本(ben)較低,廣泛(fan)應用(yong)于(yu)小型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破和(he)掘進。由于(yu)導火(huo)索(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)速(su)燃、緩燃等(deng)弊病,在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中事(shi)故所占比重(zhong)最(zui)大。不能多處裝藥(yao)同時(shi)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法,用(yong)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)直接起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)包(bao)的(de)(de)方法叫導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法。先用(yong)雷(lei)管起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo),當導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波(bo)傳至炸藥(yao)包(bao)時(shi),將炸藥(yao)引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在需(xu)要延時(shi)分段(duan)(duan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)地方,將導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)中接入繼(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管,就能達到導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)毫(hao)秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。這(zhe)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破法所需(xu)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材料(liao)有:雷(lei)管、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)和(he)繼(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管等(deng)。導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常用(yong)的(de)(de)有:串聯、簇并(bing)聯、單(dan)向分段(duan)(duan)并(bing)聯和(he)雙向分段(duan)(duan)并(bing)聯等(deng)。
是由管(guan)(guan)體(ti)、前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)構成(cheng),管(guan)(guan)體(ti)為塑性材料制成(cheng),呈管(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang),管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)小于正常炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內徑(jing),長(chang)度可(ke)隨爆破需要生(sheng)產,管(guan)(guan)體(ti)兩端(duan)各有(you)(you)外(wai)螺(luo)紋,兩端(duan)外(wai)螺(luo)紋間有(you)(you)一縱向(xiang)(xiang)切縫,切縫間等距有(you)(you)加強筋,前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈傘狀(zhuang),傘形(xing)尖有(you)(you)一光孔,兩側直壁內徑(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)紋,與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)前(qian)端(duan)螺(luo)紋配合,帽(mao)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)大(da)于管(guan)(guan)體(ti),后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)為一封蓋,外(wai)徑(jing)直徑(jing)大(da)于管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing),與(yu)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)一致,后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)內徑(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)紋,與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)后端(duan)螺(luo)紋配合。可(ke)根據炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深度采(cai)用合適的(de)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti),不需其他工具(ju)幫助送入炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan),切縫方向(xiang)(xiang)準確,兩端(duan)的(de)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和(he)后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)徑(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內徑(jing)一致,保證(zheng)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)同心,定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)準確。且利于工業化生(sheng)產,作業安(an)全