專業o型聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破，在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%，混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。佛山o型聚能管水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)比水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)每循(xun)環節約費用(yong)258.4元，即每延米節約76較元，節約費用(yong)比例達32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效降(jiang)低(di)隧道(dao)內(nei)石渣塊度和粉(fen)塵含量(liang)，還可使通風時間(jian)有效縮短(duan)33%。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)工藝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操作性很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低(di)、施工速度很(hen)快、節能(neng)(neng)(neng)環保(bao)效果很(hen)顯著、經濟效益社(she)會效益很(hen)高(gao)。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)是近幾年發展起來的(de)一(yi)項掘進新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)與傳統(tong)的(de)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)差別,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)原理是在(zai)巷道(dao)周(zhou)邊眼中(zhong),將炸裝(zhuang)在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)中(zhong)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong),以(yi)減少裂隙的(de)數(shu)量(liang)和控制(zhi)優勢裂隙的(de)發展方向(xiang)。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)炮孔(kong)兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)填充水(shui)(shui)袋，中(zhong)間裝上乳化炸(zha)，炮孔(kong)再用(yong)炮泥封死(si)，炮孔(kong)間距很大，兩(liang)(liang)個炮空之間相(xiang)距了一米(mi)左(zuo)右，是(shi)常(chang)規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)炮孔(kong)間距的(de)兩(liang)(liang)倍(bei)，這(zhe)樣可以節省炮孔(kong)材料，這(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)個凹(ao)槽又稱為(wei)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽非常(chang)重要，放置的(de)位置和方向都(dou)十(shi)分講究，一點也(ye)不能(neng)(neng)出錯(cuo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)瞬間，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)射流立即往凹(ao)槽兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)的(de)巖石(shi)進行切割(ge)(ge)，巖石(shi)如(ru)同(tong)豆腐(fu)一樣輕松被(bei)切割(ge)(ge)切割(ge)(ge)出來(lai)的(de)輪廓線(xian)十(shi)分平順，效果(guo)極好，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)的(de)水(shui)(shui)袋沒有降(jiang)低(di)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)效果(guo)，反而能(neng)(neng)保護隧道(dao)周邊(bian)植被(bei)，減少地質擾動，降(jiang)低(di)煙塵(chen)，重要的(de)是(shi)節省炸(zha)成本，在(zai)(zai)(zai)未來(lai)這(zhe)項技術(shu)會廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)工程中(zhong)，降(jiang)低(di)施工成本。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)周邊(bian)眼單循環火工品使用(yong)量上節約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼鉆孔(kong)數量從(cong)39個下降(jiang)為(wei)23個費用(yong)節約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節約(yue)(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。

聚能(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔(ge)板、殼體、引信和(he)支(zhi)架等(deng)部分組成，其作用及(ji)對(dui)(dui)聚能(neng)包威力(li)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響分述如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)是聚能(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)(ya)越大(da)，聚能(neng)彈威力(li)越大(da)；為得到高(gao)爆(bao)壓(ya)(ya)，需高(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)密(mi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)。常用炸(zha)(zha)(zha)有(you)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)、8321炸(zha)(zha)(zha)等(deng)，裝(zhuang)方法有(you)熔鑄，塑(su)裝(zhuang)和(he)壓(ya)(ya)裝(zhuang)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)作用是把炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)能(neng)轉化成罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)射(she)流(liu)動能(neng)，從而提高(gao)其穿(chuan)透(tou)和(he)切割(ge)能(neng)力(li)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料必(bi)須滿足四點(dian)要求，即可壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)性(xing)小、密(mi)度(du)高(gao)、塑(su)性(xing)和(he)延(yan)展性(xing)好(hao)，在形(xing)(xing)成射(she)流(liu)中(zhong)不(bu)汽化。大(da)量試(shi)驗證明，用紫(zi)銅制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果(guo)好(hao)，其次為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)陶(tao)瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣，主要有(you)軸對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)、拋(pao)物(wu)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)(de)有(you)用于(yu)切割(ge)屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)直線(xian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)用于(yu)切割(ge)管(guan)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；中(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)包，中(zhong)心(xin)有(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)在瞬間同(tong)時起爆(bao)，可在空腔中(zhong)心(xin)點(dian)獲得極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量集中(zhong)。在工(gong)程中(zhong)常用的(de)(de)(de)是軸對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)面對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

我國于1983年制定(ding)了(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物巖行基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，在水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)電建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)已成為(wei)必須進行的(de)(de)保護邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)質量(liang)的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)。此后在此基礎(chu)上(shang)修訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物巖石(shi)基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物巖石(shi)基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)均(jun)被(bei)編入并有(you)所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部(bu)也不僅規(gui)定(ding)了(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上(shang)的(de)(de)巖石(shi)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度(du)為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)部(bu)位的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)設(she)計(ji)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)都應采用(yong)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)，并闡述了(le)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)原則(ze)和(he)參數(shu)、安全措(cuo)施(shi)，而且還明確了(le)路塹邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)項目(mu)質量(liang)驗(yan)收檢測(ce)(ce)數(shu)量(liang)和(he)檢測(ce)(ce)方法。無疑(yi)該規(gui)程的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)，有(you)力(li)地推動和(he)促進了(le)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在鐵(tie)路建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應用(yong)與(yu)發展(zhan)。