火索起爆法，導火索起爆法是利用導火索傳遞火焰點燃火雷管進而起爆炸藥。這種起爆法所需的材料有：導火索、火雷管和點火材料。專用深孔爆破聚能管導火索起爆法操作簡單、靈活，使用方便，成本較低，廣泛應用于小型爆破和掘進。由于導火索的速燃、緩燃等弊病，在爆破中事故所占比重最大。不能多處裝藥同時起爆。導爆索起爆法，深孔爆破聚能管公司用(yong)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索直接起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥包的方(fang)法(fa)(fa)叫導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。先用(yong)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索，當導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳至炸(zha)藥包時，將炸(zha)藥引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在(zai)需要延(yan)時分(fen)(fen)段起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的地方(fang)，將導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索中接入(ru)繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)，就能達到導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破的目的。這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破法(fa)(fa)所需起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材料有：雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索和(he)繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)等。導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常(chang)用(yong)的有：串聯、簇并(bing)聯、單向(xiang)分(fen)(fen)段并(bing)聯和(he)雙向(xiang)分(fen)(fen)段并(bing)聯等。

水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)較(jiao)水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)周邊眼(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)循環火工品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)上節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼(yan)(yan)(yan)鉆孔數量(liang)(liang)從39個(ge)下(xia)降為23個(ge)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每延米節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)1.37立方(fang)米。水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)比水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)每循環節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)258.4元，即(ji)每延米節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)76較(jiao)元，節(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此(ci)外，聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)能有(you)效降低隧道內石渣塊度和粉塵含(han)量(liang)(liang)，還可使(shi)通風(feng)時間有(you)效縮短33%。聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)工藝技術(shu)(shu)很(hen)(hen)成熟、可操作性很(hen)(hen)強、材(cai)料(liao)成本很(hen)(hen)低、施工速度很(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)能環保效果很(hen)(hen)顯著、經濟效益(yi)社會效益(yi)很(hen)(hen)高。聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)是(shi)近幾年發(fa)展(zhan)起來的(de)(de)(de)一項掘進(jin)新技術(shu)(shu),這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)與傳統的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)差別,聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)原理是(shi)在(zai)巷道周邊眼(yan)(yan)(yan)中,將炸裝(zhuang)在(zai)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)聚能作用(yong)(yong)(yong),以減少裂隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)和控制優勢裂隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)向(xiang)。

專(zhuan)注(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚能(neng)管(guan)批發(fa)銷售。隨著中(zhong)國(guo)現代(dai)化建設的發(fa)展，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業(ye)環境越(yue)來越(yue)復(fu)雜，對爆(bao)(bao)破(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的要求(qiu)可能(neng)也會越(yue)來越(yue)高。盡管(guan)我們工程(cheng)(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術已達(da)到(dao)很高水(shui)平，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業(ye)是(shi)一項危險性(xing)的工作(zuo)，大家知道，一次爆(bao)(bao)破(po)事故(gu)，可能(neng)會造成(cheng)人(ren)民(min)生(sheng)命和(he)財產(chan)的損(sun)失，也可能(neng)導致(zhi)環境受到(dao)破(po)壞。為了安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，在(zai)工程(cheng)(cheng)實踐中(zhong)，往(wang)往(wang)有(you)許(xu)多要求(qiu)和(he)標準需要我們努力去(qu)解決，比如嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的振動效(xiao)應、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)沖擊波、噪聲、粉(fen)塵等(deng)影響，要預防電干擾等(deng)對爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業(ye)的威(wei)脅，還(huan)要關注(zhu)水(shui)土保持、環境保護等(deng)問題(ti)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業(ye)的安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)問題(ti)一直是(shi)各方(fang)面所重視的問題(ti)，已形成(cheng)了一種專(zhuan)業(ye)化的規范、制(zhi)度和(he)技術。如中(zhong)國(guo)自1992年頒布(bu)《拆除爆(bao)(bao)破(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規程(cheng)(cheng)》，通過拆除爆(bao)(bao)破(po)分(fen)級管(guan)理、承擔單位及人(ren)員資(zi)格審查(cha)、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術人(ren)員培訓與考核、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)設計審查(cha)與安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評估等(deng)規定，有(you)力地推動了爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工程(cheng)(cheng)的安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理，取得了顯(xian)著的成(cheng)效(xiao)。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)由炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引信(xin)和(he)支(zhi)架(jia)等部(bu)分組(zu)成(cheng)，其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)及對(dui)(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)威(wei)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響分述如(ru)下。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓越大(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威(wei)力(li)越大(da)；為得到高爆(bao)壓，需(xu)高爆(bao)速(su)、高密(mi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)有(you)(you)(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)等，裝(zhuang)方法有(you)(you)(you)熔鑄，塑裝(zhuang)和(he)壓裝(zhuang)多(duo)種。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)把炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)射流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高其穿透和(he)切割能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)必須滿足四點要(yao)求，即可(ke)壓縮(suo)性(xing)(xing)小、密(mi)度高、塑性(xing)(xing)和(he)延展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射流(liu)中(zhong)不汽化(hua)。大(da)量(liang)試驗證明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果(guo)好，其次為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)陶(tao)瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種多(duo)樣，主要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)軸對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)，如(ru)圓錐形(xing)(xing)、半(ban)球形(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)等；面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)于切割屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直線(xian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)(yong)于切割管材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種球形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)，中(zhong)心(xin)有(you)(you)(you)球形(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔和(he)球形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)(zha)，若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬(shun)間同時起爆(bao)，可(ke)在(zai)空(kong)腔中(zhong)心(xin)點獲(huo)得極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)集中(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)軸對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)在隧道(dao)掘(jue)進(jin)作(zuo)業中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)應(ying)用(yong)。提升光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)水平(ping)、嚴抓隧道(dao)超挖(wa)管控進(jin)行了介(jie)紹。聚能水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)工(gong)藝技(ji)術(shu)很成(cheng)熟、可操作(zuo)性(xing)很強(qiang)、材料成(cheng)本很低、施(shi)工(gong)速度很快(kuai)、節能環保效(xiao)果很顯著、經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)社會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)很高。一是(shi)(shi)要(yao)提高對(dui)推廣該項技(ji)術(shu)重要(yao)性(xing)和必(bi)然性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)認識;二是(shi)(shi)要(yao)樹立必(bi)須采取聚能水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)意識;三是(shi)(shi)要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)培訓、示范(fan)、監督“三位一體”;四是(shi)(shi)要(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定切(qie)實的(de)(de)(de)獎(jiang)懲制(zhi)(zhi)度;五(wu)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)建(jian)立檢查監督機制(zhi)(zhi)，持(chi)續促進(jin)該項技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)入推廣。在隧道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)現場管理、科技(ji)創新、人才培養、經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)等方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足。建(jian)議(yi)對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)一線基礎技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)作(zuo)扎(zha)實推進(jin);對(dui)新工(gong)藝、先進(jin)工(gong)法要(yao)深(shen)入學(xue)習鉆研;對(dui)消極懈怠、故步自封的(de)(de)(de)思(si)想要(yao)堅(jian)決抵制(zhi)(zhi)。

聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)法特點(dian)是:不(bu)需要(yao)打眼(yan)(yan)，因而不(bu)需要(yao)購買打眼(yan)(yan)設(she)備(bei)和動(dong)力設(she)備(bei);施工(gong)簡單，施工(gong)進度比(bi)(bi)淺眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)法快安全性(xing)比(bi)(bi)普(pu)通淺眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)法和普(pu)通裸露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)法好(hao);勞動(dong)強度比(bi)(bi)淺眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)法低。制(zhi)造聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)所采(cai)(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you):黑(hei)索金和梯(ti)(ti)恩(en)梯(ti)(ti)混合熔(rong)鑄型;乳化油炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和黑(hei)索金混裝型和二號巖(yan)石硝(xiao)鉸炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制(zhi)型。根據使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果證明(ming)，選用密度較(jiao)大和爆(bao)(bao)速較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)造聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)能(neng)獲得較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)效果。這(zhe)主要(yao)是由于它加(jia)工(gong)簡單和破(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)能(neng)力較(jiao)大。在礦山由于二次破(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)較(jiao)多，而且金屬(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)費工(gong)又(you)費材料，所以(yi)多不(bu)采(cai)(cai)用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩。國內生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種用于破(po)(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)大塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)，裝置聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)時(shi)，要(yao)將藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)垂(chui)直裝在大塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂面上，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)穴朝(chao)下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)位置應選在頂面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何(he)中心或附近較(jiao)平整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)點(dian)。然后在上面覆蓋泥沙。