采用(yong)一種(zhong)(zhong)抗(kang)靜電阻燃的(de)特(te)種(zhong)(zhong)塑料(liao)管(guan)、異形雙(shuang)槽聚(ju)能管(guan)，根據炮眼深度(du)可長可短。是兩個相似(si)半(ban)(ban)壁管(guan)組成(cheng)(cheng)，半(ban)(ban)壁管(guan)中央有個凹進去的(de)槽叫做'聚(ju)能槽"，使用(yong)聚(ju)能管(guan)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)成(cheng)(cheng)型效(xiao)果好，開挖輪廓線(xian)平順整(zheng)齊，圍巖擾動減(jian)(jian)少、超欠挖明(ming)(ming)顯改善，有利于(yu)支護工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，同時混(hun)凝土回(hui)填(tian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)大(da)為降(jiang)(jiang)低。鑿孔(kong)率減(jian)(jian)少30%，大(da)大(da)降(jiang)(jiang)低了(le)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作業工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)班的(de)勞動量:鉆(zhan)孔(kong)縮短30分鐘、少打眼、出渣(zha)量減(jian)(jian)少，降(jiang)(jiang)低了(le)材料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、減(jian)(jian)少工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時消耗(hao)、勞動效(xiao)率明(ming)(ming)顯提高，周邊眼爆(bao)(bao)破(po)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)降(jiang)(jiang)低30%以上，半(ban)(ban)眼痕保留率高達85%以上。pvc爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能管(guan)主要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)隧道、煤(mei)礦、鐵(tie)礦等需要(yao)進行光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程。采用(yong)聚(ju)能管(guan)的(de)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)可減(jian)(jian)少鉆(zhan)孔(kong)，擴大(da)孔(kong)距，減(jian)(jian)少導爆(bao)(bao)管(guan)用(yong)量，減(jian)(jian)少超挖，減(jian)(jian)少噴漿，提高半(ban)(ban)孔(kong)率，既節省了(le)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)又提高了(le)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率。

是將(jiang)炸藥裝在(zai)聚(ju)能管內，兩頭(tou)均(jun)放置了(le)水(shui)(shui)袋，聚(ju)能管爆(bao)(bao)炸產生的(de)高溫高壓射流(liu)，讓水(shui)(shui)袋產生“水(shui)(shui)楔”效應(ying),使圍巖裂縫加劇延伸擴(kuo)展(zhan)。它是在(zai)水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)基礎上(shang)發展(zhan)起(qi)來(lai)的(de)一項(xiang)新技術，區(qu)別(bie)只是在(zai)周邊眼(yan)中(zhong)安(an)裝專(zhuan)用線(xian)性聚(ju)能藥管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)線(xian)，只要做到七大關鍵環節：水(shui)(shui)袋挺拔飽滿、炮(pao)(pao)泥軟硬適中(zhong)、水(shui)(shui)袋裝填到底、炮(pao)(pao)泥回填到口、木棍逐節搗固、水(shui)(shui)藥緊密相連、槽面(mian)必須平(ping)行，就能對控制超(chao)欠挖起(qi)到良好(hao)效果。在(zai)推廣水(shui)(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)基礎上(shang)，去年9月，水(shui)(shui)壓聚(ju)能爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)成果上(shang)，今年更為(wei)深入地在(zai)興泉鐵(tie)路(lu)大嶺(ling)隧道、牡佳鐵(tie)路(lu)麻山隧道采用了(le)此項(xiang)技術，積累了(le)成功經(jing)驗。

我國(guo)20世紀(ji)60年(nian)代(dai)利(li)用(yong)(yong)斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)力學對(dui)巖(yan)石損傷(shang)引(yin)起的(de)裂(lie)(lie)紋擴(kuo)展進行過(guo)試(shi)驗研(yan)究，為聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破技術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)到工(gong)程做(zuo)了(le)(le)不少理論分析，也取(qu)得(de)一些進展。80年(nian)代(dai)中(zhong)期開始進行應(ying)用(yong)(yong)研(yan)究，以北京(jing)礦業學院(yuan)為代(dai)表，著重研(yan)究了(le)(le)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)切(qie)割(ge)饑理和(he)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。1987年(nian)淮南(nan)礦業學院(yuan)取(qu)得(de)“雙(shuang)(shuang)面切(qie)割(ge)器”的(de)zhuanli，1995年(nian)又取(qu)得(de)“大理石花崗巖(yan)切(qie)割(ge)技術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)中(zhong)國(guo)水(shui)(shui)電七局曾試(shi)圖采用(yong)(yong)硬質紙加工(gong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管成形聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)卷(juan)做(zuo)過(guo)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破試(shi)驗研(yan)究，但終因當時(shi)的(de)技術(shu)及工(gong)藝水(shui)(shui)平的(de)限(xian)制無法用(yong)(yong)于正常施(shi)工(gong)，但是(shi)他們開了(le)(le)橢圓雙(shuang)(shuang)極線性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)結構試(shi)驗的(de)先河。雙(shuang)(shuang)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)預裂(lie)(lie)與(yu)光面爆(bao)(bao)破綜合技術(shu)開創(chuang)輪廓控制爆(bao)(bao)破新(xin)時(shi)代(dai)。

給大(da)家介紹下爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管的(de)(de)技術原(yuan)理∶炸(zha)藥(yao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)產生的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波(bo)通過聚(ju)能(neng)管的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)槽，將炸(zha)藥(yao)的(de)(de)動能(neng)、勢能(neng)轉(zhuan)換成高(gao)壓(ya)、高(gao)速、高(gao)能(neng)的(de)(de)射(she)流(liu)，切割演示成縫(feng)(feng)。射(she)流(liu)在孔壁(bi)產生射(she)流(liu)壓(ya)力達(da)7000MPa，巖石(shi)動載(zai)抗(kang)壓(ya)強(qiang)度為200MPa，抗(kang)拉為1/8～1/10的(de)(de)抗(kang)壓(ya)強(qiang)度，相鄰(lin)兩炮孔互為鄰(lin)空面(mian)，疊加(jia)后的(de)(de)壓(ya)縮波(bo)變為稀疏(shu)波(bo)，在兩炮眼(yan)連線上(shang)使(shi)巖石(shi)結構斷裂(lie)，形成裂(lie)紋。準靜態(tai)(tai)氣(qi)體膨脹，靜態(tai)(tai)壓(ya)力在兩炮孔最(zui)短(duan)連線兩側產生拉力使(shi)巖石(shi)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)進(jin)一步(bu)擴展(zhan)。根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)應(ying)力集中(zhong)氣(qi)刃作用原(yuan)則，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)氣(qi)體沿(yan)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)進(jin)一步(bu)擴大(da)貫通，拋(pao)落巖石(shi)。

水壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)技(ji)(ji)術在隧(sui)道掘進(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)業中的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際應用。提(ti)升光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)水平(ping)、嚴抓(zhua)隧(sui)道超挖管(guan)控進(jin)行了介(jie)紹。聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)水壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)技(ji)(ji)術很(hen)(hen)成熟、可操作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)很(hen)(hen)強(qiang)、材料(liao)成本很(hen)(hen)低、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)速度(du)很(hen)(hen)快、節能(neng)(neng)(neng)環保效(xiao)果很(hen)(hen)顯著、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益社會效(xiao)益很(hen)(hen)高。一(yi)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高對推廣該(gai)項技(ji)(ji)術重要(yao)(yao)性(xing)和必(bi)然性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)認識;二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)樹(shu)立必(bi)須采取聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)水壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)的(de)(de)(de)意識;三是(shi)要(yao)(yao)堅持培訓(xun)、示范、監(jian)督“三位(wei)一(yi)體(ti)”;四是(shi)要(yao)(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)切實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)獎懲制(zhi)(zhi)度(du);五是(shi)要(yao)(yao)建(jian)立檢查監(jian)督機制(zhi)(zhi)，持續促進(jin)該(gai)項技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)深入推廣。在隧(sui)道施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)現場管(guan)理(li)、科技(ji)(ji)創新(xin)、人才培養、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益等方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)不足(zu)。建(jian)議對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)線基礎技(ji)(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)扎實(shi)(shi)推進(jin);對新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、先進(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法要(yao)(yao)深入學(xue)習鉆研;對消(xiao)極(ji)懈(xie)怠(dai)、故步(bu)自封的(de)(de)(de)思想要(yao)(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)(zhi)。

各種爆破、爆破器材銷毀以及爆破器材意外爆炸時，爆破源與人員和其他保護對象之間的安全距離稱為爆破安全距離。爆破安全距離應取各種爆破效應（地震、沖擊波、飛石、有毒氣體等）分別核定的大值。專業多向聚能管爆破時，必然產生爆破地震、空氣沖擊波、碎石飛散及有害氣體，因此，爆破設計時必須確定爆破危害范圍，并確定爆點到附近人員、設備、建筑物及井巷等的安全，這一段距離就稱為爆破安全距離。專業多向聚能管如何控制(zhi)好這段距(ju)離(li)就顯的尤為(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)。為(wei)保證爆破安(an)全，爆破地點與人員或其他應(ying)保護(hu)對象之間必須保持短的相隔長度。爆破有(you)害效(xiao)應(ying)隨(sui)距(ju)離(li)的增加有(you)規(gui)律地衰減，用距(ju)離(li)作(zuo)為(wei)安(an)全尺度可限(xian)定(ding)爆破有(you)害效(xiao)應(ying)在允(yun)許限(xian)度之內(nei)。中國《爆破安(an)全規(gui)程(cheng)》規(gui)定(ding)了爆破地震安(an)全距(ju)離(li)，個別飛散物(wu)安(an)全距(ju)離(li)，以及爆炸沖擊波的安(an)全距(ju)離(li)。