不成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事例是有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)而(er)不倒、實施定向(xiang)(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)后(hou)沒有按爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)倒塌(ta)等(deng)等(deng)。這些事例警示:從(cong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器材質量(liang)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施工(gong)到(dao)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路連(lian)接等(deng)，只要有一(yi)個環節出現(xian)失誤，都將(jiang)影響爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果，乃(nai)至造成嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)果。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作(zuo)(zuo)業無論是老舊建筑物(wu)(wu)本身還(huan)是周(zhou)圍(wei)環境都十分(fen)復雜(za)，這不僅(jin)要求認真調查爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(包括施工(gong)缺陷)，分(fen)析受力狀況(kuang)，同時還(huan)要對采取技術措施(如預處理、嵌補、支撐(cheng)等(deng))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠和(he)安全性進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析，對可(ke)能(neng)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意外(wai)情況(kuang)，應(ying)(ying)預先制定應(ying)(ying)急方(fang)案，努力避免安全事故和(he)不必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環保(bao)(bao)(bao)性越(yue)來越(yue)受到(dao)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注，同時，探索無公(gong)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術，一(yi)直(zhi)是爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)者追求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標。設(she)立掩蔽體對物(wu)(wu)體加以保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)，簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法是用草袋、竹笆(ba)一(yi)類(lei)材料覆蓋(gai)在需(xu)要保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體上面;對房屋和(he)機器設(she)備常要在迎面和(he)頂(ding)部(bu)豎立排架(jia)，用木板或荊笆(ba)上罩鐵絲(si)網，抵御較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛石和(he)較強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣沖擊波(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)打擊;對某(mou)些重(zhong)要工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑物(wu)(wu)打防震孔(kong)或者用預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)將(jiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)區和(he)被保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑物(wu)(wu)或工(gong)程(cheng)設(she)施隔離(li)開來。

我國于1983年(nian)制定(ding)了《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)行基礎(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規范》(sD 121l一(yi)(yi)1983)。自此(ci)(ci)，在水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電建設(she)中預(yu)裂爆破(po)(po)(po)與光面(mian)爆破(po)(po)(po)已成為(wei)(wei)必(bi)須進(jin)行的保護邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)質量(liang)的爆破(po)(po)(po)開(kai)挖(wa)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)(ci)后在此(ci)(ci)基礎(chu)上修(xiu)訂(ding)的《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)石基礎(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規范》(SL 47一(yi)(yi)1994)以及在《水(shui)電水(shui)利(li)爆破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)石基礎(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂爆破(po)(po)(po)與光面(mian)爆破(po)(po)(po)均(jun)被編入(ru)并有(you)所(suo)改(gai)進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在修(xiu)編為(wei)(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)(tie)道部也不僅(jin)規定(ding)了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖(yan)石邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度為(wei)(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)部位(wei)的爆破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光面(mian)爆破(po)(po)(po)或(huo)預(yu)裂爆破(po)(po)(po)，并闡(chan)述(shu)了光面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)設(she)計(ji)的原則和(he)參數(shu)(shu)、安全(quan)措施(shi)(shi)，而且(qie)還明確了路塹(qian)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)光面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆破(po)(po)(po)項(xiang)目質量(liang)驗收檢測數(shu)(shu)量(liang)和(he)檢測方(fang)法(fa)。無(wu)疑該規程(cheng)(cheng)的實施(shi)(shi)，有(you)力地推動和(he)促進(jin)了光面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在鐵(tie)(tie)路建設(she)中的應(ying)用與發展(zhan)。

水壓光面爆破技術基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和爆破方式與水壓光面爆破相同，但在周邊眼中安裝專用線性聚能藥管替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，利用線性聚能藥管產生的粒子射流動能、高壓爆破氣體應力及“氣楔”作用，形成平整圓順的開挖輪廓面，對控制超欠挖具有良好效果，有效提升了隧道施工質量、進度和經濟效益。專用礦用型聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破，在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%，混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。聚能水壓光面爆破比水壓光面爆破每循環節約費用258.4元，即每延米節約76較元，節約費用比例達32%。此外，專用礦用型聚能管聚能水壓光面(mian)爆破(po)能有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降低(di)隧(sui)道內石渣塊度和粉塵含量，還可(ke)使通(tong)風時(shi)間有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。

是由管(guan)(guan)體、前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)構成，管(guan)(guan)體為塑性材料(liao)制成，呈管(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)體外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小于正常炮眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度可(ke)(ke)隨爆(bao)破需(xu)要生產，管(guan)(guan)體兩(liang)端(duan)各(ge)有(you)外(wai)螺紋(wen)，兩(liang)端(duan)外(wai)螺紋(wen)間有(you)一(yi)縱向(xiang)切(qie)縫，切(qie)縫間等(deng)距(ju)有(you)加強筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈傘狀，傘形(xing)(xing)尖有(you)一(yi)光(guang)孔，兩(liang)側直(zhi)壁(bi)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)螺紋(wen)配(pei)合(he)，帽(mao)體外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)體，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)為一(yi)封蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)體外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)(hou)端(duan)螺紋(wen)配(pei)合(he)。可(ke)(ke)根據炮眼(yan)深度采用合(he)適的聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體，不(bu)需(xu)其他工(gong)具幫助送入(ru)炮眼(yan)，切(qie)縫方(fang)向(xiang)準確(que)，兩(liang)端(duan)的前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，保(bao)證(zheng)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體同(tong)心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確(que)。且利于工(gong)業化(hua)生產，作業安全

在(zai)工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火(huo)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)(suo)需(xu)的(de)器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導線和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)連接(jie)形式，要根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)規模、工程(cheng)的(de)重(zhong)要性、所(suo)(suo)選(xuan)(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力等進(jin)(jin)行選(xuan)(xuan)擇，基本連接(jie)方式有(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)和(he)并(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)具(ju)有(you)(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效等優點，在(zai)國內外仍(reng)占有(you)(you)較大比重(zhong)。在(zai)大、中(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，主(zhu)要仍(reng)是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是在(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主(zhu)要的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)干擾(rao)而發(fa)生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)(you)雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓(ya)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，不能使(shi)用(yong)普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。