在(zai)鐵路、礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)、水庫(ku)等大(da)型(xing)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)很關(guan)鍵很重(zhong)要(yao)。采礦(kuang)修(xiu)(xiu)路的(de)(de)開山(shan)(shan)挖隧(sui)道(dao)，城市對(dui)舊建筑物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)拆(chai)(chai)除，都會用(yong)(yong)到爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)。隨著(zhu)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)發展、工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)的(de)(de)增多，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)引(yin)起(qi)了(le)人們(men)更多的(de)(de)關(guan)注。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚能管作為(wei)一(yi)種科學技(ji)術(shu)，應用(yong)(yong)很廣(guang)，但在(zai)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)無疑(yi)是(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)、常見(jian)的(de)(de)，采礦(kuang)開山(shan)(shan)，修(xiu)(xiu)鐵路、公(gong)路用(yong)(yong)鉆(zhan)爆(bao)(bao)法來(lai)開掘隧(sui)道(dao)，水利工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)也(ye)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)些，城市里面也(ye)使用(yong)(yong)了(le)，拆(chai)(chai)除樓(lou)房。利用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)產生的(de)(de)巨(ju)大(da)能量破(po)壞(huai)某(mou)種物(wu)(wu)體的(de)(de)原結構，這(zhe)(zhe)種"破(po)壞(huai)"效果(guo)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)其(qi)他方法能代(dai)替的(de)(de)，它雖然不(bu)(bu)是(shi)獨立完成一(yi)個(ge)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，但卻是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)工序，特別是(shi)石方開挖、礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)開采等工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)缺少了(le)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)工序還不(bu)(bu)行。中國目前(qian)有發達的(de)(de)鐵路和公(gong)路交(jiao)通網，可以想象，當初在(zai)修(xiu)(xiu)這(zhe)(zhe)些路的(de)(de)時候(hou)會遇(yu)到許多高山(shan)(shan)峻嶺，一(yi)座大(da)山(shan)(shan)橫在(zai)兩地(di)之間，想要(yao)修(xiu)(xiu)路，就必須讓這(zhe)(zhe)座山(shan)(shan)消失，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)時候(hou)聚能管爆(bao)(bao)破(po)就起(qi)到決(jue)定性(xing)作用(yong)(yong)了(le)。

我國于1983年制(zhi)定了《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)巖行(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規范(fan)(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自(zi)此(ci)，在水利(li)水電(dian)建設(she)中(zhong)預裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為必須(xu)進行(xing)的(de)(de)保護邊坡(po)(po)質量的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開挖(wa)技(ji)術措施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在此(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)上(shang)修訂的(de)(de)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)巖石基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規范(fan)(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及(ji)在《水電(dian)水利(li)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)(he)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)巖石基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均被(bei)編入并(bing)有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正(zheng)在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部也不僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級(ji)以上(shang)的(de)(de)巖石邊坡(po)(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度(du)為1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊坡(po)(po)部位(wei)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述了光面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)原則和(he)(he)參(can)數(shu)、安全(quan)措施(shi)(shi)，而且還明確了路(lu)塹邊坡(po)(po)光面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目質量驗收檢(jian)(jian)測數(shu)量和(he)(he)檢(jian)(jian)測方法。無(wu)疑該規程(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)，有力(li)地推(tui)動和(he)(he)促(cu)進了光面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術在鐵路(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應(ying)用與(yu)發(fa)展。

采(cai)用一種(zhong)(zhong)抗靜電阻燃的(de)特種(zhong)(zhong)塑(su)料管(guan)(guan)、異形雙槽(cao)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)，根據炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深(shen)度(du)可長可短。是兩(liang)個(ge)相(xiang)似半(ban)(ban)(ban)壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)組成(cheng)，半(ban)(ban)(ban)壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)中央有(you)個(ge)凹(ao)進去的(de)槽(cao)叫做'聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)"，使(shi)用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)成(cheng)型效(xiao)果好(hao)，開挖輪廓線平順整齊，圍巖(yan)擾動(dong)減少(shao)(shao)、超欠(qian)挖明顯改善(shan)，有(you)利于支護工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，同(tong)時(shi)混凝土回填(tian)成(cheng)本(ben)大(da)為降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)。鑿孔率減少(shao)(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)了爆(bao)破(po)作業工(gong)(gong)(gong)班的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)量(liang):鉆(zhan)孔縮短30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、出渣量(liang)減少(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)了材料成(cheng)本(ben)、減少(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)消耗、勞(lao)動(dong)效(xiao)率明顯提(ti)高，周邊眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)成(cheng)本(ben)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)30%以上(shang)(shang)，半(ban)(ban)(ban)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)痕保留率高達85%以上(shang)(shang)。pvc爆(bao)破(po)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)主要應用于隧(sui)道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵礦(kuang)等需要進行(xing)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。采(cai)用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)可減少(shao)(shao)鉆(zhan)孔，擴大(da)孔距，減少(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)管(guan)(guan)用量(liang)，減少(shao)(shao)超挖，減少(shao)(shao)噴漿，提(ti)高半(ban)(ban)(ban)孔率，既(ji)節(jie)省了成(cheng)本(ben)又提(ti)高了施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率。

徐州多向聚能管是由管體、前錐形定格帽、后定格堵構成，管體為塑性材料制成，呈管狀，管體外徑小于正常炮眼內徑，長度可隨爆破需要生產，管體兩端各有外螺紋，兩端外螺紋間有一縱向切縫，切縫間等距有加強筋，前錐形定格帽呈傘狀，傘形尖有一光孔，兩側直壁內徑有螺紋，與管體外徑前端螺紋配合，帽體外徑大于管體，后定格堵為一封蓋，外徑直徑大于管體外徑，與前錐形定格帽外徑一致，后定格堵內徑有螺紋，與管體外徑后端螺紋配合。專用多向聚能管可根據炮眼深度采用(yong)合適的(de)聚(ju)能管(guan)管(guan)體，不需其他工具幫助(zhu)送入(ru)炮眼，切縫方向準(zhun)確(que)，兩端的(de)前(qian)錐形定格帽和后定格堵外徑與(yu)炮眼內(nei)徑一致(zhi)，保(bao)證聚(ju)能管(guan)管(guan)體同心，定向準(zhun)確(que)。且利于工業(ye)化生產，作業(ye)安(an)全

我(wo)國20世(shi)紀60年代(dai)(dai)利用斷裂(lie)(lie)(lie)力學對巖石損傷引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)紋(wen)擴展進(jin)行過(guo)試驗研究(jiu)(jiu)，為(wei)聚(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)破技術(shu)應用到工程做了(le)不少理論分析(xi)，也取(qu)得一些進(jin)展。80年代(dai)(dai)中期開始進(jin)行應用研究(jiu)(jiu)，以北京礦(kuang)業學院為(wei)代(dai)(dai)表，著重(zhong)研究(jiu)(jiu)了(le)聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包切(qie)(qie)割(ge)饑理和應用。1987年淮南礦(kuang)業學院取(qu)得“雙(shuang)面切(qie)(qie)割(ge)器(qi)”的(de)(de)zhuanli，1995年又取(qu)得“大理石花崗巖切(qie)(qie)割(ge)技術(shu)應用”zhuanli。1991年中國水電(dian)七局曾試圖(tu)采用硬質紙(zhi)加(jia)工聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)管成形聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)卷做過(guo)聚(ju)能(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破試驗研究(jiu)(jiu)，但(dan)(dan)終(zhong)因(yin)當時(shi)的(de)(de)技術(shu)及工藝水平的(de)(de)限(xian)制(zhi)無法用于正常(chang)施工，但(dan)(dan)是他們(men)開了(le)橢圓雙(shuang)極線性(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)結構試驗的(de)(de)先河。雙(shuang)聚(ju)能(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)與光面爆(bao)破綜合技術(shu)開創輪廓控制(zhi)爆(bao)破新時(shi)代(dai)(dai)。