聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩、隔板、殼體、引信和(he)(he)支架等(deng)部分組成(cheng)，其作(zuo)用(yong)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力(li)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響分述如(ru)下。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)(ya)越大(da)(da)，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力(li)越大(da)(da)；為得(de)到高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)壓(ya)(ya)，需高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)(gao)密(mi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)。常(chang)用(yong)炸(zha)有(you)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)、8321炸(zha)等(deng)，裝方法有(you)熔鑄，塑裝和(he)(he)壓(ya)(ya)裝多種(zhong)(zhong)。2．型(xing)罩，型(xing)罩的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是把炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成(cheng)罩體材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高(gao)(gao)其穿透和(he)(he)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)罩的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料必(bi)須(xu)滿足四點要求(qiu)，即(ji)可壓(ya)(ya)縮性小、密(mi)度(du)高(gao)(gao)、塑性和(he)(he)延展性好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射流中(zhong)不汽化。大(da)(da)量試驗證明，用(yong)紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)罩效果好，其次為鑄鐵(tie)、鋼和(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)罩的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)多種(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)，主要有(you)軸對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，如(ru)圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半(ban)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)于(yu)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)屬板材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)直線(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)用(yong)于(yu)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)管材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩兩種(zhong)(zhong)；中(zhong)心對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，這種(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)心有(you)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔(qiang)和(he)(he)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩，球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩外(wai)敷設炸(zha)，若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同(tong)時起爆(bao)，可在(zai)空(kong)腔(qiang)中(zhong)心點獲得(de)極(ji)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是軸對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)和(he)(he)面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)兩類型(xing)罩。

商丘爆破多向聚能管的軍事應用：聚能爆破技術，早在二次世界大戰期間就在軍事方面廣泛應用。國內在聚能破甲技術如大錐角反艦導彈戰斗部和大錐角反坦克地雷以及敏感彈戰斗部等方面取得了較為快速的發展，我國20世紀60年代打破國外技術封鎖獨立自主研發成功原子彈就是得力于聚能爆破技術轟擊核裝置而引爆原子彈。專用爆破多向聚能管的(de)民爆(bao)(bao)應用(yong)(yong)——切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)：聚(ju)能爆(bao)(bao)破(po)用(yong)(yong)于工程建設(she)(she)也是(shi)20世(shi)紀60年代(dai)開始的(de)，首先(xian)是(shi)瑞典的(de)U﹒Langefors提出孔壁切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)利用(yong)(yong)槽(cao)口應力集中(zhong)定(ding)向開裂(lie)的(de)設(she)(she)想，后(hou)經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是(shi)有效的(de)。70年代(dai)國外廣泛研究(jiu)和(he)應用(yong)(yong)了切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)。

水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)，是在水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)基礎(chu)上(shang)發展起來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項新技(ji)術(shu)，其掏槽(cao)眼(yan)(yan)、輔助眼(yan)(yan)裝藥(yao)結構和(he)爆破(po)(po)方式與水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆破(po)(po)相同，但(dan)在周邊眼(yan)(yan)中安裝專(zhuan)用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝置替(ti)代常規爆破(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和(he)傳爆線，利用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)粒子(zi)射(she)(she)流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓(ya)爆破(po)(po)氣體應力(li)及(ji)“氣楔”作用，形成平整圓(yuan)順的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)挖(wa)輪(lun)廓面，對控制超欠挖(wa)具有良好效(xiao)果(guo)，有效(xiao)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)了(le)隧道(dao)施工質量、進度和(he)經濟效(xiao)益。科(ke)學合理地利用能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提(ti)高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源利用效(xiao)率，對節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也十(shi)分重(zhong)要。利用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平開(kai)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)射(she)(she)流(liu)效(xiao)應對巖石進行(xing)破(po)(po)碎。據專(zhuan)家測算，由于聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端(duan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)個量級。

是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵構成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)塑性材料制(zhi)成，呈(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于正常炮(pao)眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可隨爆破需要生產(chan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩端各有外(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，兩端外(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)間有一(yi)縱向(xiang)切縫(feng)，切縫(feng)間等距有加(jia)強筋，前錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)呈(cheng)傘狀，傘形(xing)尖(jian)有一(yi)光孔，兩側直壁(bi)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前端螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)，帽(mao)(mao)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵為(wei)一(yi)封蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)，與(yu)(yu)前錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后(hou)端螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)。可根據炮(pao)眼(yan)深度(du)采用合(he)適的(de)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需其他(ta)工(gong)具幫(bang)助送入炮(pao)眼(yan)，切縫(feng)方向(xiang)準(zhun)確，兩端的(de)前錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與(yu)(yu)炮(pao)眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，保證聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心(xin)，定(ding)向(xiang)準(zhun)確。且利(li)于工(gong)業化生產(chan)，作業安全