爆破多向聚能管公司使用單位或經銷商在日常采購中使用搜索引擎搜索生產廠商并購買產品已經成為很多企業和經銷商的主要采購手段。根據我們從事網絡營銷的經歷，爆破多向聚能管公司總結出(chu)(chu)以(yi)下幾點注意事項，希望能對采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業起到一些幫助作用。1、采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)型號規(gui)格(ge)、質量(liang)標準、技(ji)術參數應與(yu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)計(ji)劃相符。2、采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)時，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)通過搜(sou)索引擎搜(sou)索自己需求的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，找出(chu)(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和銷(xiao)售該(gai)(gai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業，然后查(cha)(cha)看該(gai)(gai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業網站是(shi)(shi)否經過其所在省份工(gong)信廳備案(an)，并(bing)登錄(lu)查(cha)(cha)驗。3、查(cha)(cha)看該(gai)(gai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業網站欄(lan)目配(pei)置、欄(lan)目內容(rong)是(shi)(shi)否足夠專業，如大量(liang)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)與(yu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)無(wu)(wu)關、雜亂無(wu)(wu)章的(de)(de)，聯系地(di)址標明xxx工(gong)業區、示(shi)范園而沒有(you)路(lu)牌號的(de)(de)，只有(you)手機號碼而沒有(you)固定電話、傳真地(di)的(de)(de)，足可認定該(gai)(gai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業為非正規(gui)的(de)(de)家庭作坊(fang)，不宜作為采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)對象。
一、查驗生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)業資質(zhi)：1、經(jing)(jing)過(guo)歷(li)年(nian)年(nian)審的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)人營業執照：一般(ban)情況下(xia)(xia)，個(ge)體工商戶、個(ge)人獨資企(qi)業注冊(ce)資金(jin)低于人民幣(bi)五(wu)十(shi)萬元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即可(ke)認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)家(jia)庭(ting)作坊(fang)式廠(chang)家(jia)。2、具備(bei)(bei)一般(ban)納稅(shui)(shui)人資格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)務登記證：企(qi)業產(chan)(chan)品(pin)年(nian)度(du)銷(xiao)售(shou)額達到或超過(guo)一定(ding)金(jin)額（以(yi)稅(shui)(shui)務發票開(kai)具數額為(wei)準(zhun)(zhun)）并經(jing)(jing)主管稅(shui)(shui)務機(ji)(ji)關核準(zhun)(zhun)、具備(bei)(bei)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)票場所、專(zhuan)職會(hui)計及(ji)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦稅(shui)(shui)機(ji)(ji)具才能升級為(wei)一般(ban)納稅(shui)(shui)人企(qi)業。3、經(jing)(jing)過(guo)歷(li)年(nian)年(nian)審的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)機(ji)(ji)構代碼證：組織(zhi)機(ji)(ji)構代碼證是中華人民共和國(guo)(guo)境內始終不變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)代碼標(biao)識(shi)，未經(jing)(jing)年(nian)度(du)審驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)視為(wei)非(fei)法(fa)(fa)機(ji)(ji)構。4、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證證書(shu)：一般(ban)情況下(xia)(xia)，所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)業只要生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證范圍(wei)內產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必須通過(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證（CCC）。依(yi)基本(ben)常識(shi)判斷，既然單(dan)位名稱為(wei)“xxx電(dian)(dian)線廠(chang)”“xxx線纜廠(chang)”，其(qi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)未通過(guo)或從未通過(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證，證明(ming)其(qi)硬件、軟件設(she)施及(ji)人員配備(bei)(bei)根本(ben)達不到一個(ge)合格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)應(ying)具備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件。5、國(guo)(guo)際質(zhi)量(liang)體系認(ren)證證書(shu)：ISO國(guo)(guo)際質(zhi)量(liang)體系認(ren)證是一個(ge)企(qi)業整體素質(zhi)、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)管理水平以(yi)及(ji)服務水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)志。6、開(kai)戶許可(ke)證。
預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)與(yu)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)歷史與(yu)現狀：預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)是(shi)(shi)(shi)沿設(she)(she)計開(kai)(kai)挖邊(bian)(bian)界布置密集炮孔(kong)，采取不耦合(he)裝藥(yao)或裝填(tian)低威力(li)炸(zha)藥(yao)，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)(qu)之前起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)(qu)與(yu)保留(liu)區(qu)(qu)之間形成(cheng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)，以減(jian)弱主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)對保留(liu)巖體(ti)的(de)(de)破(po)壞并(bing)形成(cheng)平(ping)整輪廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業。光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)是(shi)(shi)(shi)沿設(she)(she)計開(kai)(kai)挖邊(bian)(bian)界布設(she)(she)密集炮孔(kong)，采用不耦合(he)裝藥(yao)或裝填(tian)低威力(li)炸(zha)藥(yao)，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)之后(hou)(hou)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)以形成(cheng)平(ping)整的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)發展是(shi)(shi)(shi)先出現光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)衍生發展為預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)。聚能管國(guo)內歷史與(yu)現狀，我(wo)國(guo)于1964～1965年在(zai)湖北陸水(shui)水(shui)電站施工(gong)中做過淺孔(kong)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)試(shi)驗，1965年鐵(tie)道部門在(zai)成(cheng)昆(kun)鐵(tie)路建設(she)(she)中開(kai)(kai)始試(shi)驗光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，1977年在(zai)西延線張家(jia)船工(gong)點，全長近200m的(de)(de)2000m2路塹(qian)邊(bian)(bian)坡全部采用光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)后(hou)(hou)邊(bian)(bian)坡平(ping)整穩(wen)定，殘(can)留(liu)的(de)(de)半孔(kong)清(qing)晰可見，是(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)路建設(she)(she)中采用路塹(qian)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)。
聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引信和(he)(he)(he)支架(jia)等(deng)部分組成(cheng)，其作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)及對(dui)(dui)(dui)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包威(wei)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)分述如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓越(yue)大(da)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威(wei)力(li)越(yue)大(da)；為得到高爆(bao)壓，需(xu)高爆(bao)速、高密度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)有梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)等(deng)，裝(zhuang)方法(fa)有熔鑄，塑裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)(he)壓裝(zhuang)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)把(ba)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高其穿透和(he)(he)(he)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料必須(xu)滿足四點要求，即可壓縮性小、密度(du)高、塑性和(he)(he)(he)延(yan)展性好，在形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射流中(zhong)(zhong)不汽化。大(da)量試驗證(zheng)明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅(tong)制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果(guo)好，其次為鑄鐵、鋼(gang)和(he)(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣，主要有軸對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，如圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面(mian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)有用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割(ge)(ge)屬板材的(de)(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割(ge)(ge)管(guan)材的(de)(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)心對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心有球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔和(he)(he)(he)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)，若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在瞬間同時起(qi)爆(bao)，可在空(kong)腔中(zhong)(zhong)心點獲得極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)(zhong)。在工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)軸對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)面(mian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。
水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)(bao)破技(ji)(ji)術在隧道掘進作業中的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際應用(yong)。提升光面爆(bao)(bao)破水(shui)平(ping)、嚴抓隧道超挖(wa)管控進行(xing)了介紹(shao)。聚能水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)(bao)破工藝技(ji)(ji)術很(hen)(hen)(hen)成熟、可操(cao)作性很(hen)(hen)(hen)強、材料(liao)成本很(hen)(hen)(hen)低、施工速度(du)很(hen)(hen)(hen)快、節能環保效果很(hen)(hen)(hen)顯著、經濟效益社會效益很(hen)(hen)(hen)高。一(yi)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提高對推(tui)廣(guang)該項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術重要(yao)(yao)(yao)性和(he)必然(ran)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識;二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)樹立必須采(cai)取聚能水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)意識;三(san)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)培訓(xun)、示范、監(jian)督“三(san)位(wei)一(yi)體”;四是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定切(qie)實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獎懲制(zhi)(zhi)度(du);五是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)立檢查監(jian)督機制(zhi)(zhi)，持(chi)續促(cu)進該項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)入推(tui)廣(guang)。在隧道施工的(de)(de)(de)(de)現場管理、科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新、人才培養(yang)、經濟效益等方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足。建(jian)(jian)議對施工一(yi)線基礎技(ji)(ji)術工作扎實(shi)(shi)推(tui)進;對新工藝、先(xian)進工法(fa)要(yao)(yao)(yao)深(shen)入學習鉆研;對消極懈怠、故步(bu)自封的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅(jian)決抵制(zhi)(zhi)。
火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)傳(chuan)遞(di)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰點(dian)燃火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)。這(zhe)種起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)所(suo)需(xu)(xu)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)有：導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)、火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)(he)點(dian)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)材(cai)料(liao)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)操(cao)作(zuo)簡(jian)單、靈活，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方便，成本較低，廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)小型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)和(he)(he)(he)掘進(jin)。由于(yu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)的(de)速燃、緩(huan)燃等弊病，在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中事(shi)故所(suo)占比重最大(da)。不(bu)能多處(chu)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)同時起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，用(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)直接起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)包的(de)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)叫導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。先用(yong)(yong)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)，當導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳(chuan)至炸藥(yao)包時，將炸藥(yao)引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在需(xu)(xu)要延時分段起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)地方，將導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)中接入繼(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)，就(jiu)能達到導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)目的(de)。這(zhe)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)法(fa)(fa)(fa)所(suo)需(xu)(xu)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材(cai)料(liao)有：雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)和(he)(he)(he)繼(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)等。導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常用(yong)(yong)的(de)有：串聯(lian)、簇并聯(lian)、單向(xiang)分段并聯(lian)和(he)(he)(he)雙向(xiang)分段并聯(lian)等。
