聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)破碎(sui)法(fa)(fa)特(te)點是(shi):不需要(yao)打眼(yan)(yan),因而不需要(yao)購買打眼(yan)(yan)設(she)備(bei)和(he)(he)(he)動力設(she)備(bei);施(shi)工簡單(dan),施(shi)工進度比(bi)淺(qian)眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破法(fa)(fa)快安全性比(bi)普通(tong)淺(qian)眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)普通(tong)裸露藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)好(hao);勞動強度比(bi)淺(qian)眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破法(fa)(fa)低。制造(zao)(zao)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)所(suo)(suo)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)有:黑索金和(he)(he)(he)梯恩梯混合熔鑄型(xing);乳化油炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)(he)黑索金混裝型(xing)和(he)(he)(he)二(er)號巖石硝鉸(jiao)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)壓制型(xing)。根據使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)結果證(zheng)明,選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)密(mi)度較(jiao)大(da)(da)和(he)(he)(he)爆(bao)速較(jiao)高的(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)制造(zao)(zao)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)獲(huo)得較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)破碎(sui)效果。這主要(yao)是(shi)由于它(ta)加(jia)工簡單(dan)和(he)(he)(he)破碎(sui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力較(jiao)大(da)(da)。在(zai)礦山(shan)由于二(er)次(ci)破碎(sui)消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)較(jiao)多,而且(qie)金屬(shu)藥(yao)(yao)型(xing)罩的(de)(de)加(jia)工費工又費材料,所(suo)(suo)以多不采用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)型(xing)罩。國(guo)內生產的(de)(de)一種用(yong)(yong)于破碎(sui)大(da)(da)塊的(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao),裝置聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)時,要(yao)將藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)垂直裝在(zai)大(da)(da)塊的(de)(de)頂面上,聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)穴朝(chao)下。藥(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)位置應(ying)選(xuan)在(zai)頂面的(de)(de)幾何中心或附近較(jiao)平整的(de)(de)地(di)點。然后(hou)在(zai)上面覆蓋泥沙(sha)。
聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引信(xin)和(he)支架等(deng)部分組成(cheng)(cheng),其作用(yong)(yong)及對聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力(li)的(de)(de)(de)影響分述如(ru)下(xia)。1.炸(zha)(zha),炸(zha)(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆破的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源,炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆壓(ya)(ya)越大,聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力(li)越大;為得(de)到(dao)高(gao)(gao)爆壓(ya)(ya),需高(gao)(gao)爆速(su)、高(gao)(gao)密度的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)有(you)(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)等(deng),裝方法有(you)(you)熔(rong)鑄,塑裝和(he)壓(ya)(ya)裝多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。2.型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao),型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)把炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)體材料的(de)(de)(de)射流(liu)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng),從而提高(gao)(gao)其穿(chuan)透和(he)切割(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)材料必須滿足四(si)點要(yao)求,即可壓(ya)(ya)縮性小、密度高(gao)(gao)、塑性和(he)延(yan)展性好,在形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)射流(liu)中不(bu)汽化(hua)。大量(liang)試驗證明,用(yong)(yong)紫(zi)銅制作型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效(xiao)果(guo)好,其次(ci)為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)陶瓷。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣,主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)軸對稱(cheng)型(xing),如(ru)圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng);面(mian)對稱(cheng)型(xing),常見的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)于切割(ge)屬板材的(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)(yong)于切割(ge)管材的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)(zhong);中心對稱(cheng)型(xing),這種(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包,中心有(you)(you)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao),球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷設(she)炸(zha)(zha),若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在瞬(shun)間同時起爆,可在空腔中心點獲得(de)極大的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)集中。在工程中常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)軸對稱(cheng)型(xing)和(he)面(mian)對稱(cheng)型(xing)兩類型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。
對(dui)于爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作業(ye)安全(quan)(quan)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu),是(shi)從兩個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)去(qu)考慮的(de)(de)(de),一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)炸和起爆(bao)(bao)器材以(yi)及對(dui)其爆(bao)(bao)炸所造成的(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞(huai)作用進行限制的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)技術(shu)(shu),這是(shi)主動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)。另一(yi)(yi)個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)對(dui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)所產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)危害采取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)防護措施(shi)(shi),這是(shi)被(bei)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)。兩者對(dui)阻止爆(bao)(bao)破(po)帶來的(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞(huai)性有(you)同樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要性,但在(zai)具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中,則(ze)常常會有(you)變(bian)化不定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)現象和后果,因此,必須(xu)對(dui)每一(yi)(yi)項工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)破(po)壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)情況作細致的(de)(de)(de)分析研究(jiu),從而采取(qu)適當的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)策。同時,雖然技術(shu)(shu)不斷取(qu)得進步,須(xu)在(zai)操作過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中注(zhu)意每個(ge)工(gong)(gong)序(xu),按照安全(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)認真作業(ye)。只要嚴(yan)格(ge)遵守安全(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、正確地采取(qu)安全(quan)(quan)技術(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)和防護措施(shi)(shi),任(ren)何規(gui)(gui)模、任(ren)何種類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)是(shi)可以(yi)確保安全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)(yi)些安全(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)條文是(shi)有(you)經驗教(jiao)訓和理論根據的(de)(de)(de),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)甚至是(shi)血的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓的(de)(de)(de)總結,所以(yi)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要克(ke)服麻痹(bi)思想,嚴(yan)格(ge)執行安全(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding),決不能(neng)以(yi)沒(mei)出過(guo)事故而輕率地"突破(po)"規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)"框框"。
水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu),是在(zai)水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)基礎上發(fa)展(zhan)起來的(de)(de)一項(xiang)新技(ji)術(shu),其(qi)掏槽眼、輔助眼裝(zhuang)藥(yao)結(jie)構和爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方式(shi)與水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)相同,但在(zai)周邊(bian)眼中(zhong)安裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線,利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)產生的(de)(de)粒子(zi)射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)氣體應力及“氣楔”作用(yong),形成平(ping)(ping)整圓順的(de)(de)開(kai)挖輪廓面,對控制超欠挖具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好效(xiao)果,有(you)效(xiao)提(ti)升了隧(sui)道施(shi)工質量、進度和經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益。科學合理地利(li)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan),提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)率,對節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)排也十分(fen)重(zhong)要。利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端的(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)開(kai)出的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射(she)流效(xiao)應對巖石(shi)進行(xing)破(po)碎。據專(zhuan)家測算,由于(yu)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應,其(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提(ti)升一個(ge)量級。
礦用型雙向聚能管價格施工因其復雜性、專業性、危險性,稍有不慎,將對人民的生命財產安全造成不可估量的損失,例如廣東宏大寧夏“10.16”、山東保利“5.20”等重大安全事故。因此,相較其他行業,國家出臺的相關法律法規多、專、嚴,從爆破材料(炸藥、雷管、導爆索?管?及相關材料)的生產、購進、運輸、儲存、發放、布網、連接、起爆、排爆等一系列程序均有嚴格的法律規定和科學的操作規程,并且相關從業單位和人員均應取得相應資質。珠海礦用型雙向聚能管做為各類爆破中(zhong)不(bu)可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)一種導線(xian)(xian),特別不(bu)同于(yu)一般(ban)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜,其(qi)質量(liang)要求(qiu)及(ji)各項技術參數也與(yu)普通電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜不(bu)同。部分家庭(ting)作(zuo)坊式(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜廠無科學的(de)(de)生(sheng)產工藝、無基本的(de)(de)檢測設備、無專業的(de)(de)技術人(ren)員,甚至(zhi)不(bu)知(zhi)道爆破線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)質量(liang)要求(qiu)和技術參數,更不(bu)可(ke)能制訂自(zi)己的(de)(de)企業標準,僅(jin)憑簡陋的(de)(de)設備、以(yi)粗(cu)糙的(de)(de)模仿(fang)進行生(sheng)產經營(ying)(ying)活動,致使市場充斥著假冒偽劣(lie)產品(pin),導致爆破中(zhong)提前或延遲起爆、盲炮增加且強制排爆困難,給人(ren)身(shen)安(an)全和財產以(yi)及(ji)正常的(de)(de)生(sheng)產經營(ying)(ying)活動造成了不(bu)可(ke)估量(liang)的(de)(de)損(sun)失。