采(cai)用(yong)一種抗靜電阻燃的(de)(de)特種塑料管(guan)(guan)、異形雙槽聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan),根(gen)據炮眼深(shen)度可(ke)長可(ke)短(duan)。是兩個相(xiang)似(si)半(ban)(ban)壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)組成,半(ban)(ban)壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)央有個凹進去的(de)(de)槽叫做'聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽",使用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光面爆(bao)(bao)破成型(xing)效果好(hao),開挖輪廓線(xian)平順整齊,圍(wei)巖擾動減少、超(chao)欠挖明顯改善(shan),有利于(yu)支護(hu)工(gong)(gong)序施工(gong)(gong),同時混凝土(tu)回填成本大(da)為降(jiang)低(di)。鑿(zao)孔(kong)(kong)率(lv)減少30%,大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)破作(zuo)業工(gong)(gong)班的(de)(de)勞動量(liang)(liang):鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)縮(suo)短(duan)30分鐘、少打眼、出渣量(liang)(liang)減少,降(jiang)低(di)了(le)材料成本、減少工(gong)(gong)時消耗(hao)、勞動效率(lv)明顯提高(gao),周邊眼爆(bao)(bao)破成本降(jiang)低(di)30%以上,半(ban)(ban)眼痕保(bao)留率(lv)高(gao)達85%以上。pvc爆(bao)(bao)破聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)主要應用(yong)于(yu)隧道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵礦(kuang)等需要進行光面爆(bao)(bao)破施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程。采(cai)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)光面爆(bao)(bao)破可(ke)減少鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong),擴大(da)孔(kong)(kong)距,減少導爆(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)用(yong)量(liang)(liang),減少超(chao)挖,減少噴漿,提高(gao)半(ban)(ban)孔(kong)(kong)率(lv),既節(jie)省了(le)成本又(you)提高(gao)了(le)施工(gong)(gong)效率(lv)。
不(bu)成功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事例是(shi)有的(de)(de)(de)(de),如爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)而不(bu)倒、實施定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)后(hou)沒有按爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)方(fang)(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向倒塌等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。這些事例警(jing)示:從爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)(she)計(ji)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材(cai)質(zhi)量、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施工到(dao)(dao)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路連接等(deng)(deng),只要(yao)有一(yi)個環(huan)節出現(xian)失誤,都將影響爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)(guo),乃至造成嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)果(guo)(guo)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)老舊建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)本身還(huan)是(shi)周(zhou)圍環(huan)境(jing)都十分復雜(za),這不(bu)僅要(yao)求認真調(diao)查爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(包括施工缺陷),分析(xi)受力(li)狀況(kuang),同(tong)時還(huan)要(yao)對采取技術措施(如預處(chu)理(li)、嵌補(bu)、支撐等(deng)(deng))的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠和(he)(he)(he)安全性進行(xing)分析(xi),對可(ke)能出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意外情(qing)況(kuang),應預先制定應急方(fang)(fang)案,努力(li)避(bi)免安全事故和(he)(he)(he)不(bu)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)保(bao)性越來(lai)越受到(dao)(dao)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)關注,同(tong)時,探索無(wu)公害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)拆(chai)除爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術,一(yi)直是(shi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工作者(zhe)追求的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)。設(she)(she)立(li)(li)掩蔽體(ti)(ti)對物(wu)體(ti)(ti)加以(yi)保(bao)護(hu),簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法是(shi)用草袋、竹笆一(yi)類材(cai)料覆(fu)蓋在(zai)需要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)面;對房屋和(he)(he)(he)機器設(she)(she)備常要(yao)在(zai)迎面和(he)(he)(he)頂部豎立(li)(li)排架,用木(mu)板(ban)或(huo)荊笆上(shang)罩鐵(tie)絲(si)網,抵御較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)飛石和(he)(he)(he)較強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣沖擊(ji)(ji)波的(de)(de)(de)(de)打擊(ji)(ji);對某些重要(yao)工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)打防震(zhen)孔或(huo)者(zhe)用預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)將爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)區(qu)和(he)(he)(he)被保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)或(huo)工程設(she)(she)施隔離開來(lai)。
水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po),在周(zhou)邊眼(yan)單(dan)循(xun)環火工(gong)品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量上節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%,周(zhou)邊眼(yan)鉆孔數(shu)量從39個(ge)(ge)下降為(wei)23個(ge)(ge)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%,混凝土噴射每延(yan)(yan)米(mi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方(fang)米(mi)。水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)比水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)每循(xun)環節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元,即每延(yan)(yan)米(mi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較元,節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此外(wai),聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)能有(you)(you)效降低隧道(dao)(dao)內石渣塊度(du)和粉(fen)塵含量,還可使(shi)通(tong)風時間有(you)(you)效縮(suo)短33%。聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)藝技術(shu)很(hen)(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操(cao)作性(xing)很(hen)(hen)強、材(cai)料成(cheng)本(ben)很(hen)(hen)低、施工(gong)速度(du)很(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)(jie)(jie)能環保(bao)效果很(hen)(hen)顯(xian)著、經濟效益社(she)會(hui)效益很(hen)(hen)高。聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)定向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)是近(jin)幾(ji)年發(fa)展起來的(de)(de)一(yi)項掘進新技術(shu),這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)與傳統的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)有(you)(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)差(cha)別,聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)定向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)原理是在巷道(dao)(dao)周(zhou)邊眼(yan)中(zhong),將炸裝在聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)起爆(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)時利用(yong)(yong)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)聚能作用(yong)(yong),以(yi)減少(shao)裂隙(xi)的(de)(de)數(shu)量和控制優勢裂隙(xi)的(de)(de)發(fa)展方(fang)向(xiang)。
水壓光面爆破技術基礎上發展起來的一項新技術,其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和爆破方式與水壓光面爆破相同,但在周邊眼中安裝專用線性聚能藥管替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線,利用線性聚能藥管產生的粒子射流動能、高壓爆破氣體應力及“氣楔”作用,形成平整圓順的開挖輪廓面,對控制超欠挖具有良好效果,有效提升了隧道施工質量、進度和經濟效益。專業爆破多向聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破,在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%,周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%,混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。聚能水壓光面爆破比水壓光面爆破每循環節約費用258.4元,即每延米節約76較元,節約費用比例達32%。此外,專業爆破多向聚能管聚能(neng)水壓光面(mian)爆破能(neng)有效降低隧道內(nei)石渣塊度和粉塵含量(liang),還可使通(tong)風時間有效縮(suo)短(duan)33%。
在(zai)(zai)(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong),常用的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)有(you):電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸,進(jin)而(er)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)需的(de)器材(cai)有(you):電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)線和(he)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網路(lu)的(de)連接形式(shi),要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工程的(de)重要性、所(suo)選起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其(qi)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進(jin)行選擇,基(ji)本連接方式(shi)有(you):串聯、并聯、串并聯和(he)并串聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)較安全(quan)、可靠、準確、高(gao)效(xiao)等(deng)優(you)點(dian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)國內外仍占有(you)較大(da)比重。在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong),主要仍是(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)環(huan)境中(zhong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易(yi)受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)干(gan)擾(rao)而(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao),因此在(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環(huan)境中(zhong),不能使(shi)用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)(guan)。