在(zai)工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)(shi)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)器材有(you)(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連接(jie)形(xing)式(shi)，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規(gui)模、工(gong)程的(de)(de)重(zhong)要性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)(deng)進行選擇，基(ji)本連接(jie)方式(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：串聯、并聯、串并聯和并串聯等(deng)(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效等(deng)(deng)優點，在(zai)國內(nei)外仍占有(you)(you)(you)(you)較大(da)比(bi)重(zhong)。在(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主要仍是(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)環境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾(rao)而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)，不能使(shi)(shi)用(yong)普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)。

光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)技(ji)術優(you)勢：相對于傳統爆破(po)工(gong)藝(yi)，聚能管光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)比常規(gui)爆破(po)具有以(yi)(yi)下(xia)優(you)勢∶少(shao)(shao)打(da)眼，少(shao)(shao)裝(zhuang)藥。節約(yue)(yue)周邊鉆(zhan)孔(kong)量(liang)(liang)50%，總(zong)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)進尺減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)30%；節約(yue)(yue)炸藥10～20%，雷管30%。節約(yue)(yue)噴(pen)漿料15-20%。節省時(shi)間(jian)∶每循環鉆(zhan)孔(kong)、裝(zhuang)藥、噴(pen)漿時(shi)間(jian)1.5-2.0小時(shi)。在安全(quan)方(fang)面(mian)利用水(shui)沙袋替代炮(pao)泥，以(yi)(yi)避免搗炮(pao)泥損毀電雷管導線，造成(cheng)瞎炮(pao)。大(da)大(da)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)對圍(wei)巖(yan)擾動，光(guang)面(mian)效果(guo)好(hao)，巖(yan)性(xing)條(tiao)件差情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)可以(yi)(yi)大(da)大(da)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)超挖(wa)量(liang)(liang)，控(kong)制巷道(dao)成(cheng)型；巖(yan)性(xing)完整無節理情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)眼痕率可以(yi)(yi)達到(dao)90%以(yi)(yi)上，巷道(dao)成(cheng)型好(hao)，穩(wen)定性(xing)強。布(bu)孔(kong)方(fang)式優(you)化成(cheng)多排掏槽布(bu)孔(kong)，單次掘進深度可以(yi)(yi)優(you)化提(ti)高10%到(dao)15%不等。由于炮(pao)孔(kong)數量(liang)(liang)大(da)大(da)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)可以(yi)(yi)考慮一起全(quan)斷面(mian)起爆，節省放炮(pao)時(shi)間(jian)。

我國20世紀60年代利(li)用(yong)斷裂(lie)(lie)力學(xue)對(dui)巖(yan)石(shi)損傷引起的(de)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)擴展進行(xing)過(guo)試驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)究，為聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破技術(shu)(shu)應用(yong)到工程做了不少理(li)論分析，也取得(de)(de)一些進展。80年代中期開始進行(xing)應用(yong)研(yan)究，以北(bei)京礦業(ye)學(xue)院(yuan)為代表，著重研(yan)究了聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包切割饑(ji)理(li)和(he)應用(yong)。1987年淮南礦業(ye)學(xue)院(yuan)取得(de)(de)“雙(shuang)面切割器(qi)”的(de)zhuanli，1995年又取得(de)(de)“大理(li)石(shi)花崗巖(yan)切割技術(shu)(shu)應用(yong)”zhuanli。1991年中國水電七局曾試圖采用(yong)硬質紙加工聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)管成形聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)卷做過(guo)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破試驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)究，但(dan)終因當時(shi)的(de)技術(shu)(shu)及工藝水平的(de)限制無法(fa)用(yong)于正常施工，但(dan)是他們(men)開了橢圓(yuan)雙(shuang)極線性聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)結構試驗(yan)(yan)的(de)先河。雙(shuang)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)與(yu)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破綜合技術(shu)(shu)開創輪廓控制爆(bao)(bao)破新時(shi)代。

銅陵深孔爆破多向聚能管發揮巨大效力的關鍵又在其上面的“聚能槽”上。項目部目前采用的聚能管有兩個“聚能槽”，通過這兩個聚能槽的作用讓爆炸的威力在隧道中切割出十分平順的輪廓線，的控制了爆破量，有效管控了超挖欠挖的現象。為了進一步嚴格控制開挖輪廓，達到提高光面爆破效果的目的，并研究出了聚能管上兩個“聚能槽”變為三個“聚能槽”的發明設計，目前，深孔爆破多向聚能管廠家該發(fa)明(ming)設(she)(she)計(ji)已經(jing)(jing)進入到了(le)試生產階段。未來(lai)，三(san)“聚能槽”設(she)(she)計(ji)的聚能水壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術將推(tui)動中鐵(tie)十四(si)局四(si)公(gong)司張吉懷鐵(tie)路項目(mu)部施工開(kai)展(zhan)邁(mai)上(shang)一個(ge)新的臺(tai)階，給項目(mu)部帶來(lai)巨大的經(jing)(jing)濟效益。工程(cheng)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術經(jing)(jing)過幾十年的發(fa)展(zhan)，已經(jing)(jing)滲透到經(jing)(jing)濟建設(she)(she)的眾(zhong)多領域，特別為(wei)中國的鐵(tie)路建設(she)(she)、礦山開(kai)采(cai)、城市拆舊(jiu)定向爆(bao)破(po)(po)等做出了(le)重要貢獻(xian)。