聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔(ge)板、殼體、引信(xin)和支架等部分組成，其(qi)作用(yong)(yong)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)威(wei)力的(de)(de)影(ying)響分述如下。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆破的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆壓(ya)(ya)越大，聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威(wei)力越大；為得到高(gao)(gao)爆壓(ya)(ya)，需高(gao)(gao)爆速、高(gao)(gao)密(mi)度(du)的(de)(de)炸(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)有(you)(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)等，裝方法有(you)(you)熔鑄，塑(su)裝和壓(ya)(ya)裝多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是把炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成罩(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高(gao)(gao)其(qi)穿透和切(qie)割(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料必須滿(man)足四點(dian)(dian)要求，即可壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)性(xing)小、密(mi)度(du)高(gao)(gao)、塑(su)性(xing)和延(yan)展性(xing)好(hao)，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成射流中不汽(qi)化。大量試(shi)驗證(zheng)明(ming)，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效(xiao)果(guo)好(hao)，其(qi)次(ci)為鑄鐵、鋼(gang)和陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣，主要有(you)(you)軸對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，如圓錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋(pao)物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和喇(la)叭(ba)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，常見(jian)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割(ge)屬板材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割(ge)管材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)(zhong)；中心(xin)對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)，中心(xin)有(you)(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔和球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同時起(qi)爆，可在(zai)空(kong)腔中心(xin)點(dian)(dian)獲得極大的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中。在(zai)工程(cheng)中常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是軸對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)和面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)兩類(lei)型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。

我國20世紀60年代利用斷裂力學對巖石損傷引起的裂紋擴展進行過試驗研究，爆破多向聚能管公司為聚能爆破技術應用到工程做了不少理論分析，也取得一些進展。80年代中期開始進行應用研究，以北京礦業學院為代表，著重研究了聚能藥包切割饑理和應用。1987年淮南礦業學院取得“雙面切割器”的zhuanli，1995年又取得“大理石花崗巖切割技術應用”zhuanli。1991年中國水電七局曾試圖采用硬質紙加工聚能藥管成形聚能藥卷做過聚能預裂爆破試驗研究，爆破多向聚能管公司但終因當時的(de)技術及工藝水平的(de)限制(zhi)無法用(yong)于(yu)正常施工，但是他(ta)們開(kai)了橢圓(yuan)雙極線(xian)性聚能結構試(shi)驗的(de)先河。雙聚能預裂與光面爆(bao)破綜合技術開(kai)創輪廓控(kong)制(zhi)爆(bao)破新(xin)時代。

是由管(guan)(guan)體、前(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵構成，管(guan)(guan)體為(wei)(wei)塑性材料(liao)制成，呈管(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小于(yu)正常炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可隨爆破需要生產(chan)，管(guan)(guan)體兩端(duan)(duan)(duan)各(ge)有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，兩端(duan)(duan)(duan)外(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)間有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)縱向(xiang)切縫(feng)，切縫(feng)間等距有(you)(you)加強(qiang)筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)呈傘狀，傘形尖(jian)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)光孔(kong)，兩側直壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合(he)，帽(mao)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)于(yu)管(guan)(guan)體，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)封蓋，外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)于(yu)管(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后端(duan)(duan)(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合(he)。可根據炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)深度(du)采用合(he)適的聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體，不需其他工(gong)具幫助送入(ru)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)，切縫(feng)方向(xiang)準確，兩端(duan)(duan)(duan)的前(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)和(he)后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致，保證聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體同心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確。且利于(yu)工(gong)業化生產(chan)，作業安全

水壓爆(bao)破是(shi)在炮孔兩端填充水袋，中間(jian)裝上(shang)乳化炸，炮孔再用(yong)(yong)(yong)炮泥封死，炮孔間(jian)距很大，兩個炮空之間(jian)相距了(le)一米左(zuo)右(you)，是(shi)常規爆(bao)破的(de)(de)炮孔間(jian)距的(de)(de)兩倍，這(zhe)樣(yang)可(ke)以(yi)節(jie)(jie)省(sheng)炮孔材料，這(zhe)兩個凹槽又稱(cheng)為聚能槽，聚能槽非(fei)常重要(yao)，放(fang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)和方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)都(dou)十分講究，一點也不能出(chu)(chu)錯(cuo)，在爆(bao)破的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間(jian)，高溫(wen)高壓聚能射流立即往(wang)凹槽兩邊的(de)(de)巖石(shi)(shi)進行切割，巖石(shi)(shi)如(ru)同豆(dou)腐一樣(yang)輕松被切割切割出(chu)(chu)來的(de)(de)輪廓(kuo)線(xian)十分平順，效果極好，聚能水壓爆(bao)破中的(de)(de)水袋沒有降低爆(bao)破的(de)(de)效果，反而(er)能保護隧道周邊植被，減少地質擾動，降低煙塵，重要(yao)的(de)(de)是(shi)節(jie)(jie)省(sheng)炸成(cheng)本(ben)，在未(wei)來這(zhe)項技術會廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)工程中，降低施工成(cheng)本(ben)。爆(bao)破聚能管(guan)水壓光面爆(bao)破較水壓光面爆(bao)破，在周邊眼單循環火(huo)工品使用(yong)(yong)(yong)量上(shang)節(jie)(jie)約費用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數(shu)量從39個下降為23個費用(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)約41%，混凝土(tu)噴(pen)射每(mei)延米節(jie)(jie)約1.37立方(fang)(fang)米。