光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破技術優勢：相對于傳統爆(bao)(bao)破工藝，聚能管(guan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破比常規爆(bao)(bao)破具(ju)有以(yi)(yi)下優勢∶少(shao)打眼，少(shao)裝藥(yao)。節(jie)約(yue)(yue)周邊鉆(zhan)孔(kong)量50%，總鉆(zhan)孔(kong)進尺減(jian)少(shao)30%；節(jie)約(yue)(yue)炸藥(yao)10～20%，雷管(guan)30%。節(jie)約(yue)(yue)噴(pen)漿料15-20%。節(jie)省(sheng)時間(jian)∶每循環鉆(zhan)孔(kong)、裝藥(yao)、噴(pen)漿時間(jian)1.5-2.0小時。在(zai)安全(quan)方(fang)面(mian)利用(yong)水沙(sha)袋替(ti)代炮泥，以(yi)(yi)避免(mian)搗(dao)炮泥損毀電雷管(guan)導(dao)線，造成瞎炮。大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)對圍巖(yan)(yan)擾動，光(guang)(guang)面(mian)效果好(hao)，巖(yan)(yan)性(xing)條件差情況下可(ke)以(yi)(yi)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)超(chao)挖量，控制巷道成型；巖(yan)(yan)性(xing)完整無節(jie)理情況下眼痕率可(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到(dao)(dao)90%以(yi)(yi)上，巷道成型好(hao)，穩定性(xing)強。布(bu)孔(kong)方(fang)式優化成多排掏(tao)槽(cao)布(bu)孔(kong)，單(dan)次掘進深度可(ke)以(yi)(yi)優化提高10%到(dao)(dao)15%不等。由于炮孔(kong)數(shu)量大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)考慮一起全(quan)斷面(mian)起爆(bao)(bao)，節(jie)省(sheng)放(fang)炮時間(jian)。

在工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)能使雷(lei)(lei)(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)(suo)需(xu)的(de)器材有(you)：電(dian)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)管、導(dao)線(xian)和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源。電(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)連接(jie)形(xing)式，要根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模(mo)、工(gong)程的(de)重要性、所(suo)(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進(jin)行選擇，基本(ben)連接(jie)方式有(you)：串(chuan)(chuan)聯、并(bing)聯、串(chuan)(chuan)并(bing)聯和并(bing)串(chuan)(chuan)聯等(deng)。電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)較(jiao)安全、可(ke)靠、準確(que)、高效(xiao)等(deng)優(you)點，在國內外仍(reng)占有(you)較(jiao)大(da)比重。在大(da)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主(zhu)要仍(reng)是用(yong)電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主(zhu)要的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受(shou)各種電(dian)信號(hao)的(de)干擾而(er)發(fa)生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在有(you)雜散(san)電(dian)、靜電(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)、射頻電(dian)、高壓感應(ying)電(dian)的(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)管。

各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材銷(xiao)毀以及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)源與人(ren)員和其(qi)他(ta)(ta)保(bao)(bao)護對象之間的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離應取(qu)各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)效應（地(di)(di)震、沖擊(ji)波(bo)、飛石、有(you)(you)毒氣體(ti)(ti)等）分別(bie)核(he)定(ding)的(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時，必(bi)然(ran)產(chan)生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)(di)震、空氣沖擊(ji)波(bo)、碎石飛散(san)及(ji)有(you)(you)害(hai)氣體(ti)(ti)，因(yin)此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)設(she)(she)計時必(bi)須確(que)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)危(wei)害(hai)范(fan)圍，并確(que)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到(dao)附近人(ren)員、設(she)(she)備、建筑物及(ji)井巷等的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，這一段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離就(jiu)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離。如何控(kong)制好(hao)這段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離就(jiu)顯的(de)尤為(wei)(wei)重要。為(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)(di)點(dian)與人(ren)員或(huo)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)應保(bao)(bao)護對象之間必(bi)須保(bao)(bao)持短的(de)相(xiang)隔長度(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)(you)害(hai)效應隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離的(de)增加有(you)(you)規(gui)(gui)律地(di)(di)衰(shuai)減，用(yong)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離作為(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度(du)可限定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)(you)害(hai)效應在允許限度(du)之內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)程》規(gui)(gui)定(ding)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)(di)震安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離，個(ge)別(bie)飛散(san)物安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離，以及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊(ji)波(bo)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離。

我(wo)國(guo)20世紀(ji)60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代利用(yong)(yong)斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)力學(xue)對巖(yan)石損傷引起的裂(lie)(lie)(lie)紋擴展(zhan)進(jin)行過試驗(yan)研(yan)究，為(wei)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)到工(gong)(gong)程做了(le)不少理論分析，也取(qu)得(de)一些進(jin)展(zhan)。80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代中期開(kai)始進(jin)行應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)研(yan)究，以北京礦(kuang)業(ye)學(xue)院(yuan)為(wei)代表，著重(zhong)研(yan)究了(le)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包切(qie)割(ge)饑理和(he)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)淮(huai)南礦(kuang)業(ye)學(xue)院(yuan)取(qu)得(de)“雙面切(qie)割(ge)器”的zhuanli，1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)又取(qu)得(de)“大理石花崗巖(yan)切(qie)割(ge)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)中國(guo)水電(dian)七局曾試圖采用(yong)(yong)硬質紙加工(gong)(gong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管成形(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)卷做過聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破試驗(yan)研(yan)究，但(dan)終因當(dang)時的技(ji)術(shu)及工(gong)(gong)藝水平的限制(zhi)無(wu)法(fa)用(yong)(yong)于正常施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，但(dan)是他們開(kai)了(le)橢圓雙極線性(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)結構試驗(yan)的先河。雙聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)與光面爆(bao)(bao)破綜合技(ji)術(shu)開(kai)創(chuang)輪廓(kuo)控(kong)制(zhi)爆(bao)(bao)破新時代。

聚能(neng)包由(you)炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼體、引信和(he)支架(jia)等(deng)部分(fen)組成(cheng)，其(qi)(qi)作(zuo)用及對(dui)聚能(neng)包威力(li)的(de)影響(xiang)分(fen)述如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是聚能(neng)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)能(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)壓(ya)(ya)越大(da)，聚能(neng)彈威力(li)越大(da)；為得(de)到高(gao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)壓(ya)(ya)，需高(gao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)速、高(gao)密度的(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常用炸(zha)(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)等(deng)，裝方法有(you)熔鑄，塑(su)裝和(he)壓(ya)(ya)裝多(duo)種。2．型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)作(zuo)用是把炸(zha)(zha)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)體材料(liao)的(de)射流動(dong)能(neng)，從而(er)提高(gao)其(qi)(qi)穿透和(he)切(qie)割(ge)能(neng)力(li)。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)材料(liao)必須滿(man)足四點要(yao)求，即可壓(ya)(ya)縮性(xing)(xing)小、密度高(gao)、塑(su)性(xing)(xing)和(he)延(yan)展性(xing)(xing)好，在形(xing)成(cheng)射流中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)汽化(hua)。大(da)量(liang)試驗證明，用紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效(xiao)果好，其(qi)(qi)次為鑄鐵(tie)、鋼和(he)陶瓷。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)形(xing)狀多(duo)種多(duo)樣，主要(yao)有(you)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)、半(ban)球形(xing)、拋物線(xian)(xian)形(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)等(deng)；面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)，常見的(de)有(you)用于(yu)切(qie)割(ge)屬(shu)板(ban)材的(de)直線(xian)(xian)形(xing)和(he)用于(yu)切(qie)割(ge)管材的(de)環形(xing)聚能(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)兩(liang)種；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)，這種球形(xing)聚能(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)有(you)球形(xing)空腔和(he)球形(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球形(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外(wai)敷設炸(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)在瞬間同(tong)時起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，可在空腔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)點獲得(de)極大(da)的(de)能(neng)量(liang)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在工程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常用的(de)是軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)和(he)面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)兩(liang)類型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。

專用c型聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破，在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%，混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。梅州c型聚能管水壓光面爆(bao)破(po)比(bi)水壓光面爆(bao)破(po)每循環(huan)節(jie)約(yue)費用258.4元，即每延米節(jie)約(yue)76較(jiao)元，節(jie)約(yue)費用比(bi)例(li)達32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)水壓光面爆(bao)破(po)能(neng)(neng)有效降低隧(sui)道(dao)內石渣塊度和粉塵含量，還可(ke)使通風時(shi)(shi)間有效縮短(duan)33%。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光面爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)藝技(ji)術(shu)(shu)很(hen)(hen)成(cheng)熟(shu)、可(ke)操(cao)作性很(hen)(hen)強、材(cai)料成(cheng)本很(hen)(hen)低、施工(gong)速度很(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環(huan)保效果很(hen)(hen)顯著、經(jing)濟效益社會效益很(hen)(hen)高。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)是近幾年發展起來(lai)的一項掘進新技(ji)術(shu)(shu),這種爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與傳統的光面爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)有一定(ding)的差別,聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)原理是在巷道(dao)周邊眼中,將炸裝在聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中起爆(bao),爆(bao)破(po)時(shi)(shi)利(li)用聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)作用,以減(jian)少裂隙的數(shu)量和控制優勢裂隙的發展方向(xiang)(xiang)。