火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利(li)用導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)傳(chuan)遞火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰點(dian)燃(ran)(ran)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雷管進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥。這種(zhong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)所需的(de)(de)材(cai)料有：導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)、火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雷管和(he)(he)(he)點(dian)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)材(cai)料。導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)操作簡單(dan)、靈活，使用方便，成本(ben)較低，廣泛應用于小型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破和(he)(he)(he)掘進(jin)。由于導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)的(de)(de)速燃(ran)(ran)、緩燃(ran)(ran)等弊(bi)病，在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中事(shi)故所占比重(zhong)最大。不能(neng)多處裝藥同時(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，用導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)直(zhi)接(jie)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥包的(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)叫導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。先用雷管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)，當導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳(chuan)至炸(zha)藥包時(shi)，將炸(zha)藥引(yin)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在需要(yao)延時(shi)分(fen)段(duan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)地方，將導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)中接(jie)入繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管，就(jiu)能(neng)達到導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破法(fa)(fa)所需起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材(cai)料有：雷管、導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)和(he)(he)(he)繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管等。導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路(lu)常用的(de)(de)有：串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、簇并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、單(dan)向(xiang)分(fen)段(duan)并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)和(he)(he)(he)雙向(xiang)分(fen)段(duan)并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)等。

專用礦用型聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破，在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%，混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。開封礦用型聚能管水(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破比(bi)水(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破每循(xun)環(huan)節(jie)約費用(yong)258.4元，即每延米(mi)節(jie)約76較元，節(jie)約費用(yong)比(bi)例達32%。此(ci)外，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)水(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破能(neng)(neng)有效降低(di)隧道(dao)內石渣(zha)塊(kuai)度(du)和粉塵含量，還可使通風時間有效縮短(duan)33%。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破工藝技(ji)術(shu)(shu)很成(cheng)熟、可操作(zuo)性很強、材料成(cheng)本(ben)很低(di)、施(shi)工速度(du)很快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環(huan)保效果(guo)很顯(xian)著、經濟效益(yi)社會效益(yi)很高。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破技(ji)術(shu)(shu)是近幾年發展起來的一項掘進新技(ji)術(shu)(shu),這(zhe)種爆(bao)(bao)破技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與傳統的光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破技(ji)術(shu)(shu)有一定(ding)(ding)的差別(bie),聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破原理是在巷道(dao)周(zhou)邊眼中,將炸裝在聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)破時利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用(yong),以減少(shao)裂(lie)隙的數量和控制優勢(shi)裂(lie)隙的發展方向。

我(wo)國20世(shi)紀60年代利用(yong)(yong)斷裂(lie)力(li)學(xue)(xue)對巖石(shi)損傷引起的(de)裂(lie)紋擴展進行過(guo)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)(yan)究，為(wei)聚(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)到工程做了不(bu)少(shao)理(li)(li)論分析，也取(qu)得一些(xie)進展。80年代中期開(kai)始(shi)進行應(ying)用(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究，以北京礦業學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)為(wei)代表(biao)，著重研(yan)(yan)究了聚(ju)能(neng)藥包切(qie)割饑理(li)(li)和應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。1987年淮南礦業學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)取(qu)得“雙(shuang)面切(qie)割器”的(de)zhuanli，1995年又取(qu)得“大理(li)(li)石(shi)花崗巖切(qie)割技術(shu)(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)”zhuanli。1991年中國水電七局曾試(shi)圖采用(yong)(yong)硬質(zhi)紙加工聚(ju)能(neng)藥管(guan)成(cheng)形(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)藥卷做過(guo)聚(ju)能(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)(yan)究，但終因當時的(de)技術(shu)(shu)及工藝水平的(de)限制無(wu)法用(yong)(yong)于正常施(shi)工，但是(shi)他們開(kai)了橢圓(yuan)雙(shuang)極線性聚(ju)能(neng)結(jie)構試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)先(xian)河。雙(shuang)聚(ju)能(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)與光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)綜合技術(shu)(shu)開(kai)創輪(lun)廓控制爆(bao)破(po)(po)新時代。

是(shi)由管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格堵(du)構成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為塑性(xing)材料制成，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于(yu)(yu)正常炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)，長度可(ke)隨爆破(po)需要生產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩端各(ge)有(you)外(wai)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，兩端外(wai)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)間有(you)一(yi)縱向(xiang)切縫，切縫間等距有(you)加強筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)呈傘狀，傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)尖有(you)一(yi)光孔，兩側直壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前(qian)端螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)，帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大(da)于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格堵(du)為一(yi)封蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)大(da)于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格堵(du)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后端螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)。可(ke)根據(ju)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深度采(cai)用合(he)適的(de)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需其他工具幫(bang)助送入炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)，切縫方向(xiang)準(zhun)確，兩端的(de)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)和后定(ding)(ding)(ding)格堵(du)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)致，保(bao)證聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心(xin)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準(zhun)確。且(qie)利于(yu)(yu)工業化生產，作業安全