各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材銷毀以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)源與(yu)人(ren)員和其他(ta)保護(hu)(hu)對象之間(jian)的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離稱為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離應取(qu)各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)應（地震(zhen)、沖(chong)擊波(bo)、飛石、有(you)毒氣體等）分別核(he)定(ding)(ding)的大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時，必然產(chan)生(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)、空氣沖(chong)擊波(bo)、碎石飛散(san)及有(you)害(hai)氣體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)設計時必須確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)范圍，并確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近人(ren)員、設備、建筑(zhu)物及井巷(xiang)等的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，這(zhe)(zhe)一段距(ju)(ju)離就稱為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離。如何控制好這(zhe)(zhe)段距(ju)(ju)離就顯的尤為(wei)(wei)重要。為(wei)(wei)保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地點(dian)與(yu)人(ren)員或其他(ta)應保護(hu)(hu)對象之間(jian)必須保持短的相隔長(chang)度(du)(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效(xiao)應隨距(ju)(ju)離的增加有(you)規(gui)律地衰減(jian)，用距(ju)(ju)離作為(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)尺(chi)度(du)(du)可(ke)限定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效(xiao)應在允許限度(du)(du)之內(nei)。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)》規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離，個別飛散(san)物安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離，以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)擊波(bo)的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離。

專業多向聚能管光面爆破技術優勢：相對于傳統爆破工藝，聚能管光面爆破比常規爆破具有以下優勢∶少打眼，少裝藥。節約周邊鉆孔量50%，總鉆孔進尺減少30%；節約炸藥10～20%，雷管30%。節約噴漿料15-20%。節省時間∶每循環鉆孔、裝藥、噴漿時間1.5-2.0小時。多向聚能管公司在安(an)全方面(mian)利(li)用(yong)水沙袋替代炮泥，以(yi)避免搗(dao)炮泥損毀電(dian)雷管導(dao)線，造成(cheng)(cheng)瞎炮。大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)減少(shao)對圍(wei)巖(yan)擾動，光面(mian)效果(guo)好，巖(yan)性條件差情況下(xia)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)減少(shao)超挖量，控制(zhi)巷(xiang)道成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)；巖(yan)性完整無節理情況下(xia)眼痕(hen)率可(ke)(ke)以(yi)達(da)到(dao)90%以(yi)上，巷(xiang)道成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)好，穩定性強(qiang)。布孔方式優化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)多排掏槽(cao)布孔，單次掘進(jin)深度可(ke)(ke)以(yi)優化(hua)提(ti)高10%到(dao)15%不(bu)等。由于炮孔數量大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)減少(shao)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)考慮一起(qi)全斷面(mian)起(qi)爆(bao)，節省放炮時間。

施(shi)工工藝嚴格遵循(xun)六字方針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質量(liang),炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)必須(xu)按技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)合理(li)布(bu)置。(2)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)及(ji)其他眼(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質量(liang),一定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)規定(ding)(ding)位置上打眼(yan)(yan)(yan);二要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深度和角度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)藥(yao)(yao)時,要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)乳化炸藥(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)空內壁(bi)中(zhong)(zhong)填充(chong)飽滿不(bu)(bu)得(de)有空隙出現(xian)時以(yi)產生拒爆(bao)。(4)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填時,要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)兩(liang)條聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽指向巷(xiang)道輪廓線(xian)方向并且各(ge)個炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽軸線(xian)方面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相互連接(jie)在(zai)(zai)隧道輪廓線(xian)上。否(fou)則成型效果不(bu)(bu)僅不(bu)(bu)好,反(fan)而更差。(5)保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)堵塞質量(liang)。(6)放炮(pao)員應提前按規定(ding)(ding)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)好聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)炸藥(yao)(yao),并做好準備工作(zuo)。試用范圍(wei):一級(ji)至五級(ji)圍(wei)巖的(de)(de)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)工程。

水(shui)(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)隧道(dao)(dao)掘進(jin)作(zuo)業(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)實際應(ying)用。提升光面爆(bao)破水(shui)(shui)平、嚴抓隧道(dao)(dao)超挖管控進(jin)行了介(jie)紹。聚能(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破工(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)很(hen)(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)很(hen)(hen)強、材料成(cheng)本很(hen)(hen)低(di)、施工(gong)速度很(hen)(hen)快、節能(neng)(neng)環保效(xiao)果很(hen)(hen)顯(xian)著、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)社會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)(hen)高(gao)。一是要(yao)提高(gao)對(dui)(dui)推(tui)廣該(gai)項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)重要(yao)性(xing)和必然性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)認識;二是要(yao)樹立必須采取聚能(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)意識;三是要(yao)堅持(chi)培(pei)訓、示范、監督“三位一體”;四是要(yao)制(zhi)定切(qie)實的(de)(de)(de)獎懲制(zhi)度;五(wu)是要(yao)建立檢(jian)查監督機制(zhi)，持(chi)續促(cu)進(jin)該(gai)項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)深入推(tui)廣。在(zai)隧道(dao)(dao)施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)現場管理、科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創新、人才培(pei)養、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)等方面的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足。建議對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)一線基礎技(ji)(ji)術(shu)工(gong)作(zuo)扎實推(tui)進(jin);對(dui)(dui)新工(gong)藝、先進(jin)工(gong)法要(yao)深入學習(xi)鉆研;對(dui)(dui)消極懈怠(dai)、故步自封的(de)(de)(de)思(si)想要(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)。

在(zai)(zai)工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是利(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)，進而起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥的(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)需的(de)(de)器材有(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、導(dao)線和(he)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連(lian)接形式，要根(gen)據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工程(cheng)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要性、所(suo)選起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其(qi)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力等(deng)進行選擇(ze)，基本(ben)連(lian)接方(fang)(fang)式有(you)(you)(you)：串聯(lian)(lian)、并聯(lian)(lian)、串并聯(lian)(lian)和(he)并串聯(lian)(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較安全(quan)、可靠、準(zhun)確、高(gao)效等(deng)優點，在(zai)(zai)國內外仍(reng)占有(you)(you)(you)較大比重(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主要仍(reng)是用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要的(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)，不能(neng)使用(yong)(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。

對(dui)于爆破作業(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu),是(shi)從兩個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)去考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)炸(zha)和(he)起爆器材以及對(dui)其爆炸(zha)所造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞作用進(jin)行限制的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技術(shu),這是(shi)主動的(de)(de)(de)(de)。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)對(dui)爆破所產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)危害采取的(de)(de)(de)(de)防護(hu)措施,這是(shi)被(bei)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)。兩者對(dui)阻止爆破帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞性有(you)(you)同樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要性,但在具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆破工(gong)程中(zhong),則常常會有(you)(you)變化(hua)不定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)和(he)后果,因此,必(bi)須對(dui)每一(yi)(yi)(yi)項工(gong)程破壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)情(qing)況作細致的(de)(de)(de)(de)分析研究(jiu),從而(er)采取適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)策。同時，雖(sui)然技術(shu)不斷取得進(jin)步，須在操作過程中(zhong)注意(yi)每個(ge)工(gong)序(xu)，按照安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規程認真作業(ye)(ye)。只要嚴格遵守安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規程、正確地采取安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技術(shu)措施和(he)防護(hu)措施,任何規模、任何種(zhong)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆破是(shi)可以確保安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)些安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條文是(shi)有(you)(you)經(jing)驗(yan)教訓和(he)理論根(gen)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至是(shi)血(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)總結，所以一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)要克服麻痹(bi)思想，嚴格執行安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規定(ding)，決(jue)不能以沒出(chu)過事故而(er)輕率(lv)地"突破"規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)"框框"。