我國于1983年制定了(le)(le)(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)行(xing)基礎開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自(zi)此，在水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電(dian)建(jian)設(she)中預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已成(cheng)為(wei)必須進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)保護邊(bian)坡(po)質量的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開(kai)挖(wa)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)措施。此后在此基礎上修訂的(de)(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)基礎開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及(ji)在《水(shui)(shui)電(dian)水(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)(he)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)基礎開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均(jun)被(bei)編入并有所改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規(gui)定了(le)(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)邊(bian)坡(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采(cai)用光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并闡(chan)述了(le)(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)原則和(he)(he)參數、安(an)全措施，而(er)且(qie)還明(ming)確了(le)(le)(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡(po)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目質量驗收(shou)檢(jian)測(ce)數量和(he)(he)檢(jian)測(ce)方法。無疑該規(gui)程的(de)(de)(de)實施，有力地推動和(he)(he)促進(jin)了(le)(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在鐵路(lu)建(jian)設(she)中的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用與發展。

在(zai)工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中，常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法。它所(suo)(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)器材(cai)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接形式，要(yao)根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方法、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)規模、工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性、所(suo)(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力(li)等(deng)進行選擇，基(ji)本連(lian)接方式有(you)(you)：串聯、并聯、串并聯和并串聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法具有(you)(you)較安全、可靠(kao)、準確(que)、高(gao)(gao)效等(deng)優點，在(zai)國內外(wai)仍(reng)占(zhan)有(you)(you)較大(da)比重。在(zai)大(da)、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中，主要(yao)仍(reng)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)(de)(de)干擾而發(fa)生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)(you)雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中，不能(neng)使用(yong)(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。

是將炸藥(yao)裝在(zai)(zai)(zai)聚能管內，兩頭(tou)均放置了(le)水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)(dai)，聚能管爆(bao)炸產(chan)(chan)生的(de)高溫高壓(ya)(ya)射流，讓(rang)水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)(dai)產(chan)(chan)生“水(shui)(shui)楔”效(xiao)應,使圍巖裂縫加劇延伸(shen)擴(kuo)展(zhan)。它是在(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)基礎上發展(zhan)起來的(de)一項新技術，區別只是在(zai)(zai)(zai)周邊眼(yan)中安裝專用(yong)線性聚能藥(yao)管替(ti)代常規爆(bao)破(po)藥(yao)卷和(he)傳爆(bao)線，只要(yao)做到(dao)七大關(guan)鍵環節：水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)(dai)挺(ting)拔飽滿、炮泥(ni)軟硬適中、水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)(dai)裝填(tian)到(dao)底、炮泥(ni)回(hui)填(tian)到(dao)口、木棍逐節搗(dao)固、水(shui)(shui)藥(yao)緊密相連(lian)、槽面必須(xu)平行，就能對控制超欠挖起到(dao)良好效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)推廣(guang)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)基礎上，去(qu)年9月，水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)聚能爆(bao)破(po)的(de)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)上，今年更為(wei)深入地(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)興泉鐵路大嶺隧(sui)道、牡(mu)佳鐵路麻(ma)山隧(sui)道采用(yong)了(le)此項技術，積累了(le)成(cheng)功經(jing)驗。

水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術，是在(zai)水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術基礎上發(fa)展起來的(de)(de)一項新技(ji)(ji)術，其(qi)掏槽(cao)(cao)眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)藥結構(gou)和(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方式與(yu)水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)相同，但在(zai)周邊眼(yan)中(zhong)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)專用聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥卷(juan)和(he)傳(chuan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線，利(li)用聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管產(chan)生的(de)(de)粒子射(she)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)氣體應(ying)(ying)力及“氣楔”作用，形成平整(zheng)圓順的(de)(de)開挖輪(lun)廓面(mian)(mian)，對(dui)(dui)控制(zhi)超欠挖具有(you)良好效(xiao)(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)升了隧道施工質量、進度和(he)經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。科學合理(li)地利(li)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源利(li)用效(xiao)(xiao)率，對(dui)(dui)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)排也十分重要。利(li)用聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)水平開出的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)產(chan)生的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射(she)流(liu)(liu)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)巖石進行(xing)破(po)(po)碎(sui)。據(ju)專家測算，由(you)于聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)產(chan)生的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)比提(ti)升一個量級。

我國20世紀60年代利用斷裂力學對巖石損傷引起的裂紋擴展進行過試驗研究，礦用型聚能管價格為聚能爆破技術應用到工程做了不少理論分析，也取得一些進展。80年代中期開始進行應用研究，以北京礦業學院為代表，著重研究了聚能藥包切割饑理和應用。1987年淮南礦業學院取得“雙面切割器”的zhuanli，1995年又取得“大理石花崗巖切割技術應用”zhuanli。1991年中國水電七局曾試圖采用硬質紙加工聚能藥管成形聚能藥卷做過聚能預裂爆破試驗研究，礦用型聚能管價格但終因當時(shi)的技(ji)術及工藝水(shui)平的限制無法用(yong)于正(zheng)常施工，但是(shi)他們開了橢圓雙極線性聚(ju)能結構(gou)試驗的先河。雙聚(ju)能預裂與(yu)光面爆破(po)綜(zong)合技(ji)術開創(chuang)輪廓控制爆破(po)新時(shi)代。