水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)掘進(jin)(jin)作(zuo)業中的(de)(de)實(shi)際應用(yong)。提(ti)升光面(mian)爆(bao)破水平、嚴(yan)抓隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)超挖管控(kong)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)介紹(shao)。聚(ju)能(neng)水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破工藝(yi)(yi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)很(hen)(hen)成熟(shu)、可(ke)操作(zuo)性很(hen)(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)(hen)低、施工速度(du)很(hen)(hen)快、節能(neng)環保效(xiao)果很(hen)(hen)顯著、經濟效(xiao)益(yi)社會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)(hen)高(gao)。一是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)對推廣(guang)該項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)重要(yao)(yao)性和必然性的(de)(de)認識(shi)(shi);二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)樹立必須采取聚(ju)能(neng)水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破的(de)(de)意識(shi)(shi);三是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持培訓、示范、監督(du)“三位一體”;四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)制定切(qie)實(shi)的(de)(de)獎懲制度(du);五是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)建立檢(jian)查監督(du)機制，持續促進(jin)(jin)該項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)深入推廣(guang)。在隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)施工的(de)(de)現場(chang)管理、科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創新(xin)、人才培養(yang)、經濟效(xiao)益(yi)等方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)不(bu)足。建議對施工一線基礎技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)工作(zuo)扎實(shi)推進(jin)(jin);對新(xin)工藝(yi)(yi)、先(xian)進(jin)(jin)工法要(yao)(yao)深入學習鉆研;對消極懈(xie)怠、故步(bu)自封的(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)堅(jian)決(jue)抵制。

1、先試探性的咨詢制造商銷售人員：您要訂爆破線產品的型號中字母表示意思；規格中的數字表示意思；執行標準中的字母及數字的表示意思。如果制造商銷售人員回答時支支吾吾、一知半解甚至一無所知，可想而知，其生產的產品質量如何。2、礦用型聚能管公司任何一種產品都有其適用范圍和一定的使用環境。咨詢您要訂爆破線產品的性能、具體使用辦法、使用環境要求。如果制造商銷售人員給您的答復與您的要求不一致，棗莊礦用型聚能管應(ying)判定(ding)(ding)為(wei)：爆(bao)破(po)線(xian)制(zhi)造商生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)型號(hao)規格(ge)單(dan)一或者(zhe)其(qi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)只(zhi)是對其(qi)他廠商產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)簡單(dan)模仿(fang)。3、正(zheng)(zheng)規產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)都(dou)有其(qi)科(ke)學的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工藝(yi)和流(liu)程。原(yuan)材(cai)料合(he)格(ge)供應(ying)商的(de)選擇評定(ding)(ding)→原(yuan)材(cai)料購進(jin)、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)、儲存、保管→生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程質量控制(zhi)→不合(he)格(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)處置及糾正(zheng)(zheng)措施→運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)交付→售(shou)(shou)后服務均有嚴格(ge)的(de)操作(zuo)規程。咨詢爆(bao)破(po)線(xian)制(zhi)造商銷售(shou)(shou)人員(yuan)任何一個節點，就可知其(qi)是否有能力（生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理水平、專(zhuan)業設備(bei)(bei)及過程檢測設備(bei)(bei)）生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出合(he)格(ge)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。

在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，常用(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它(ta)所(suo)需的(de)(de)器材有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連接形式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)、所(suo)選(xuan)(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)等進(jin)行選(xuan)(xuan)擇，基本(ben)連接方(fang)式有：串聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串并(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)串聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具(ju)有較安全、可靠、準確(que)、高效等優點，在(zai)國內外仍(reng)占(zhan)有較大(da)(da)比重(zhong)。在(zai)大(da)(da)、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，主要(yao)仍(reng)是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在(zai)有瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環境(jing)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而(er)發(fa)生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境(jing)中，不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管。

水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破技術，是在水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破技術基礎上發展(zhan)起來的(de)一項新(xin)技術，其掏(tao)槽(cao)(cao)眼、輔助眼裝(zhuang)藥結構(gou)和(he)爆(bao)破方(fang)式與水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破相同，但(dan)在周邊眼中安裝(zhuang)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)替代常規爆(bao)破藥卷和(he)傳爆(bao)線，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)產生(sheng)的(de)粒子射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)爆(bao)破氣(qi)體應(ying)力及“氣(qi)楔”作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，形成平整圓順的(de)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)(mian)，對控制超欠挖(wa)具有(you)良好效(xiao)(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提升了(le)隧道施工質量、進度(du)和(he)經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益。科學合理(li)地利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率，對節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也(ye)十分重要。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端的(de)水(shui)平開(kai)(kai)出的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)產生(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)對巖石(shi)進行破碎。據專家測算，由于聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)產生(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)比提升一個量級(ji)。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引信和支架(jia)等(deng)部分(fen)組成，其(qi)(qi)作用(yong)及對聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)包威力的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響分(fen)述如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)越(yue)大(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)彈威力越(yue)大(da)；為得(de)到高爆(bao)壓(ya)，需高爆(bao)速、高密(mi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常用(yong)炸(zha)(zha)有梯恩(en)梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)等(deng)，裝方法有熔鑄(zhu)，塑裝和壓(ya)裝多(duo)(duo)種。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是把炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)成罩(zhao)體材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)，從而(er)提(ti)高其(qi)(qi)穿透和切(qie)割(ge)能(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料必須(xu)滿足四(si)點要求，即可壓(ya)縮性小、密(mi)度高、塑性和延展性好(hao)，在形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成射(she)流中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)汽化(hua)。大(da)量(liang)試(shi)驗證明(ming)，用(yong)紫銅制(zhi)作型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)效果好(hao)，其(qi)(qi)次(ci)為鑄(zhu)鐵、鋼(gang)和陶(tao)瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)(duo)種多(duo)(duo)樣，主要有軸對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)有用(yong)于切(qie)割(ge)屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和用(yong)于切(qie)割(ge)管材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)(zhong)心對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心有球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)(zha)，若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)在瞬間(jian)同時起爆(bao)，可在空腔中(zhong)(zhong)心點獲得(de)極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)。在工程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是軸對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和面對稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)。

在鐵路(lu)、礦山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、水庫(ku)等(deng)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)工程(cheng)中，爆(bao)破(po)技術的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)很(hen)關鍵很(hen)重(zhong)要。采(cai)礦修(xiu)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)挖隧道，城(cheng)市對舊建筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)拆(chai)除，都會(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)(dao)爆(bao)破(po)技術。隨著經濟的(de)(de)(de)發展、工程(cheng)建設的(de)(de)(de)增多，爆(bao)破(po)引(yin)起了人們更多的(de)(de)(de)關注。爆(bao)破(po)聚能管作(zuo)為一種(zhong)科學技術，應用(yong)(yong)(yong)很(hen)廣，但在工程(cheng)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)無疑是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)要、常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)，采(cai)礦開(kai)(kai)(kai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，修(xiu)鐵路(lu)、公(gong)路(lu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉆爆(bao)法(fa)來開(kai)(kai)(kai)掘隧道，水利(li)工程(cheng)上(shang)也用(yong)(yong)(yong)一些，城(cheng)市里(li)面(mian)也使用(yong)(yong)(yong)了，拆(chai)除樓房。利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)炸爆(bao)炸產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)(da)能量破(po)壞某種(zhong)物體的(de)(de)(de)原結構，這種(zhong)"破(po)壞"效果不是(shi)(shi)其他(ta)方(fang)法(fa)能代替的(de)(de)(de)，它雖(sui)然(ran)不是(shi)(shi)獨(du)立完成(cheng)一個(ge)工程(cheng)，但卻是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)工序，特別是(shi)(shi)石方(fang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖、礦山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)等(deng)工程(cheng)缺(que)少了這個(ge)工序還(huan)不行(xing)。中國目前有發達的(de)(de)(de)鐵路(lu)和公(gong)路(lu)交通網，可以想象，當(dang)初在修(xiu)這些路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)會(hui)遇(yu)到(dao)(dao)許多高山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺，一座大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)橫在兩地之間，想要修(xiu)路(lu)，就(jiu)必須讓這座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)消失(shi)，這個(ge)時候(hou)聚能管爆(bao)破(po)就(jiu)起到(dao)(dao)決(jue)定(ding)性作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了。