在(zai)(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，常用的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)火(huo)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)。它所需(xu)的器材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導(dao)線(xian)和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的連接形(xing)式，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模(mo)、工(gong)程(cheng)的重要性(xing)、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)等進行選擇，基本連接方(fang)式有(you)：串(chuan)(chuan)聯、并(bing)聯、串(chuan)(chuan)并(bing)聯和并(bing)串(chuan)(chuan)聯等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)較(jiao)安全、可靠、準確、高效等優(you)點(dian)，在(zai)(zai)國內外仍占(zhan)有(you)較(jiao)大(da)比(bi)重。在(zai)(zai)大(da)、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，主(zhu)要仍是(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的環境(jing)(jing)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的干擾(rao)而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的環境(jing)(jing)中，不(bu)能使(shi)用普(pu)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。

給大家(jia)介紹下(xia)爆(bao)破聚能管的(de)技術原(yuan)理∶炸藥(yao)爆(bao)炸產生(sheng)的(de)爆(bao)轟波(bo)(bo)通過聚能管的(de)聚能槽，將炸藥(yao)的(de)動(dong)能、勢能轉換(huan)成高壓(ya)(ya)、高速、高能的(de)射(she)流(liu)，切割(ge)演示成縫(feng)(feng)。射(she)流(liu)在孔壁產生(sheng)射(she)流(liu)壓(ya)(ya)力達7000MPa，巖(yan)(yan)石動(dong)載(zai)抗壓(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為200MPa，抗拉為1/8～1/10的(de)抗壓(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度，相鄰兩炮(pao)孔互為鄰空面，疊加后的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮波(bo)(bo)變為稀(xi)疏波(bo)(bo)，在兩炮(pao)眼(yan)連(lian)線上使巖(yan)(yan)石結(jie)構(gou)斷(duan)裂(lie)，形成裂(lie)紋。準靜態氣(qi)體膨脹，靜態壓(ya)(ya)力在兩炮(pao)孔最短連(lian)線兩側產生(sheng)拉力使巖(yan)(yan)石裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)進一(yi)步(bu)擴展。根據(ju)爆(bao)破應力集中氣(qi)刃作用(yong)原(yuan)則，爆(bao)破氣(qi)體沿(yan)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)進一(yi)步(bu)擴大貫通，拋落巖(yan)(yan)石。

我國20世紀60年代利用斷裂力學對巖石損傷引起的裂紋擴展進行過試驗研究，o型聚能管價格為聚能爆破技術應用到工程做了不少理論分析，也取得一些進展。80年代中期開始進行應用研究，以北京礦業學院為代表，著重研究了聚能藥包切割饑理和應用。1987年淮南礦業學院取得“雙面切割器”的zhuanli，1995年又取得“大理石花崗巖切割技術應用”zhuanli。1991年中國水電七局曾試圖采用硬質紙加工聚能藥管成形聚能藥卷做過聚能預裂爆破試驗研究，o型聚能管價格但終(zhong)因當時(shi)的(de)(de)技術及工藝水平(ping)的(de)(de)限制(zhi)(zhi)無法用于正(zheng)常施工，但是他們開了橢(tuo)圓雙(shuang)極(ji)線(xian)性聚能(neng)結(jie)構試驗的(de)(de)先(xian)河(he)。雙(shuang)聚能(neng)預裂(lie)與(yu)光(guang)面爆破綜合技術開創輪(lun)廓控制(zhi)(zhi)爆破新時(shi)代(dai)。

對(dui)(dui)于(yu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破作(zuo)業安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技術的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu),是(shi)從(cong)兩個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)去考慮的(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)是(shi)炸(zha)(zha)和起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)器材以及(ji)對(dui)(dui)其(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)所(suo)造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)破壞作(zuo)用進(jin)行限制的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技術,這是(shi)主動的(de)(de)(de)。另一(yi)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)是(shi)對(dui)(dui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破所(suo)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)危害采取的(de)(de)(de)防護措(cuo)施,這是(shi)被動的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)。兩者對(dui)(dui)阻止爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)破壞性有(you)同樣的(de)(de)(de)重要性,但(dan)在(zai)具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破工程(cheng)(cheng)中,則常(chang)常(chang)會有(you)變化不定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)現象和后果,因此,必須(xu)對(dui)(dui)每(mei)一(yi)項(xiang)工程(cheng)(cheng)破壞的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)情況作(zuo)細致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)分析研究(jiu),從(cong)而采取適當的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)策。同時，雖然(ran)技術不斷取得進(jin)步，須(xu)在(zai)操作(zuo)過程(cheng)(cheng)中注意每(mei)個(ge)(ge)工序(xu)，按照安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)認真作(zuo)業。只(zhi)要嚴(yan)格遵守安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)、正確(que)地采取安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技術措(cuo)施和防護措(cuo)施,任何規(gui)(gui)模、任何種類的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破是(shi)可以確(que)保安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)些安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)條文(wen)是(shi)有(you)經驗教訓和理(li)論根(gen)據的(de)(de)(de)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)甚至是(shi)血的(de)(de)(de)教訓的(de)(de)(de)總結，所(suo)以一(yi)定(ding)要克服麻痹(bi)思(si)想，嚴(yan)格執行安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，決(jue)不能以沒(mei)出過事(shi)故而輕率地"突破"規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)"框框"。