c型聚能管公司施工因其復雜性、專業性、危險性，稍有不慎，將對人民的生命財產安全造成不可估量的損失，例如廣東宏大寧夏“10.16”、山東保利“5.20”等重大安全事故。因此，相較其他行業，國家出臺的相關法律法規多、專、嚴，從爆破材料（炸藥、雷管、導爆索?管?及相關材料）的生產、購進、運輸、儲存、發放、布網、連接、起爆、排爆等一系列程序均有嚴格的法律規定和科學的操作規程，并且相關從業單位和人員均應取得相應資質。臨沂c型聚能管做為各類爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)可或(huo)缺的(de)一種導線，特別不(bu)同(tong)于一般的(de)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，其質量要(yao)求及各項技術參數(shu)也與普通電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)不(bu)同(tong)。部分家庭(ting)作坊式(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)廠無科學的(de)生(sheng)產工藝、無基(ji)本的(de)檢測設備、無專業(ye)的(de)技術人員，甚至不(bu)知道爆(bao)(bao)破(po)線的(de)質量要(yao)求和技術參數(shu)，更不(bu)可能制(zhi)訂(ding)自己的(de)企(qi)業(ye)標準，僅憑簡陋的(de)設備、以(yi)粗糙的(de)模(mo)仿進行生(sheng)產經營(ying)活動，致使(shi)市(shi)場(chang)充斥(chi)著假(jia)冒偽劣產品，導致爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)提前或(huo)延遲起爆(bao)(bao)、盲炮增加且強(qiang)制(zhi)排爆(bao)(bao)困難，給人身安全和財產以(yi)及正(zheng)常的(de)生(sheng)產經營(ying)活動造成了不(bu)可估量的(de)損失(shi)。
一、查驗生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)：1、經過(guo)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)審的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)人(ren)營業(ye)(ye)執照：一般(ban)(ban)情況下(xia)，個(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)工商戶、個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)獨資(zi)(zi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)注冊資(zi)(zi)金(jin)低于人(ren)民幣五十萬元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)即可認(ren)(ren)定(ding)為(wei)家(jia)(jia)庭作坊式廠家(jia)(jia)。2、具備(bei)(bei)(bei)一般(ban)(ban)納(na)稅人(ren)資(zi)(zi)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)稅務登記證(zheng)：企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)度銷售(shou)額(e)達到(dao)或(huo)超過(guo)一定(ding)金(jin)額(e)（以稅務發票開具數額(e)為(wei)準）并經主(zhu)管(guan)稅務機(ji)(ji)關核準、具備(bei)(bei)(bei)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)開票場(chang)所(suo)、專職會計及(ji)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦稅機(ji)(ji)具才能升級(ji)為(wei)一般(ban)(ban)納(na)稅人(ren)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)。3、經過(guo)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)審的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織機(ji)(ji)構代碼(ma)證(zheng)：組織機(ji)(ji)構代碼(ma)證(zheng)是(shi)中(zhong)華人(ren)民共和國(guo)(guo)境(jing)內始終(zhong)不(bu)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)定(ding)代碼(ma)標識(shi)，未經年(nian)(nian)(nian)度審驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)，可視為(wei)非(fei)法(fa)機(ji)(ji)構。4、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)強制性(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)證(zheng)書：一般(ban)(ban)情況下(xia)，所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)只要生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)強制性(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)范圍內產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)須通過(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)強制性(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)（CCC）。依基本常識(shi)判斷，既然單(dan)位名稱為(wei)“xxx電(dian)線(xian)廠”“xxx線(xian)纜廠”，其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)未通過(guo)或(huo)從(cong)未通過(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)強制性(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)，證(zheng)明其硬件、軟件設(she)施及(ji)人(ren)員配備(bei)(bei)(bei)根本達不(bu)到(dao)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)合格的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠家(jia)(jia)應(ying)具備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件。5、國(guo)(guo)際質(zhi)量體(ti)(ti)系認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)證(zheng)書：ISO國(guo)(guo)際質(zhi)量體(ti)(ti)系認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)整體(ti)(ti)素質(zhi)、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)水平以及(ji)服務水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)標志(zhi)。6、開戶許可證(zheng)。
施工工藝嚴格(ge)遵循六(liu)字方(fang)針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)打眼(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量(liang),炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)必須按技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)合理布置。(2)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)掏槽(cao)眼(yan)(yan)以及其他眼(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)的(de)打眼(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量(liang),一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)在規定位置上打眼(yan)(yan);二要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深度和角(jiao)度。(3)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管裝藥時(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)乳化炸藥在聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管中空內壁(bi)中填(tian)(tian)充飽滿不得有空隙(xi)出現時(shi)以產(chan)生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管在炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)中裝填(tian)(tian)時(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管的(de)兩條聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)指向巷道輪廓線(xian)方(fang)向并且各(ge)個炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)軸線(xian)方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)相互連(lian)接在隧道輪廓線(xian)上。否則成型(xing)效果不僅不好(hao),反(fan)而更(geng)差。(5)保證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)堵塞(sai)質(zhi)量(liang)。(6)放炮(pao)(pao)員應提前按規定裝好(hao)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管的(de)炸藥,并做好(hao)準備工作。試用范圍(wei):一(yi)級至五級圍(wei)巖(yan)的(de)光面(mian)爆破工程。
水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術基礎上發展(zhan)起來的一(yi)項(xiang)新(xin)技術，其掏槽眼(yan)(yan)、輔助眼(yan)(yan)裝藥結構和(he)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)式(shi)與(yu)水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)相同，但在(zai)(zai)周邊眼(yan)(yan)中安裝專用(yong)線(xian)性聚(ju)能(neng)藥管(guan)替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥卷和(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利用(yong)線(xian)性聚(ju)能(neng)藥管(guan)產生的粒子射流動能(neng)、高壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)氣體(ti)應力(li)及“氣楔”作用(yong)，形(xing)成(cheng)平整圓順的開挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)，對控制超欠挖具有(you)(you)良好效(xiao)果，有(you)(you)效(xiao)提(ti)升了(le)隧道施工質量(liang)、進度和(he)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)較水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，在(zai)(zai)周邊眼(yan)(yan)單循環火(huo)工品使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)約費用(yong)8.3%，周邊眼(yan)(yan)鉆孔數量(liang)從39個(ge)下降(jiang)(jiang)為23個(ge)費用(yong)節(jie)約41%，混凝土噴射每延(yan)米節(jie)約1.37立方(fang)米。聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)比水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)每循環節(jie)約費用(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即(ji)每延(yan)米節(jie)約76較元(yuan)，節(jie)約費用(yong)比例達32%。此(ci)外，聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)能(neng)有(you)(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)(jiang)低隧道內石渣塊度和(he)粉塵含量(liang)，還可使(shi)通風時間有(you)(you)效(xiao)縮短33%。
是(shi)由管(guan)(guan)體、前錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)格帽、后(hou)(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)格堵(du)(du)構(gou)成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)體為塑性材料制成(cheng)，呈管(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)體外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小于(yu)正(zheng)常炮眼(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度(du)(du)可隨爆破需要生產，管(guan)(guan)體兩端各有(you)外(wai)螺紋，兩端外(wai)螺紋間有(you)一(yi)縱向切縫(feng)，切縫(feng)間等(deng)距有(you)加強筋，前錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)格帽呈傘狀，傘形(xing)(xing)尖有(you)一(yi)光孔，兩側直(zhi)壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺紋，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前端螺紋配(pei)合，帽體外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)于(yu)管(guan)(guan)體，后(hou)(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)格堵(du)(du)為一(yi)封蓋(gai)，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)于(yu)管(guan)(guan)體外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)格帽外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致(zhi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)格堵(du)(du)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺紋，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)端螺紋配(pei)合。可根據炮眼(yan)(yan)深(shen)度(du)(du)采用合適的聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體，不需其他工(gong)具幫助送入炮眼(yan)(yan)，切縫(feng)方向準(zhun)確，兩端的前錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)格帽和后(hou)(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)格堵(du)(du)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮眼(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致(zhi)，保(bao)證聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體同心，定(ding)(ding)向準(zhun)確。且(qie)利于(yu)工(gong)業(ye)化生產，作業(ye)安全
預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)與光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術的歷(li)史與現狀：預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是沿(yan)設(she)計(ji)開挖(wa)邊(bian)界(jie)布置密(mi)集炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)，采取不(bu)耦(ou)合(he)裝(zhuang)藥或(huo)裝(zhuang)填低威(wei)力炸藥，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)之前(qian)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)與保留區(qu)之間形成預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)縫，以減弱(ruo)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)對保留巖(yan)體的破(po)(po)(po)壞并形成平(ping)整(zheng)輪廓面的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業(ye)。光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是沿(yan)設(she)計(ji)開挖(wa)邊(bian)界(jie)布設(she)密(mi)集炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)，采用(yong)不(bu)耦(ou)合(he)裝(zhuang)藥或(huo)裝(zhuang)填低威(wei)力炸藥，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)之后(hou)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的以形成平(ping)整(zheng)的開挖(wa)輪廓面的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業(ye)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術的發展是先出現光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，然(ran)后(hou)衍生發展為預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。聚能管國內(nei)歷(li)史與現狀，我國于1964～1965年(nian)(nian)在(zai)湖北陸水水電(dian)站(zhan)施工(gong)(gong)中做過淺(qian)孔(kong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)試(shi)驗，1965年(nian)(nian)鐵道(dao)部門在(zai)成昆(kun)鐵路(lu)建設(she)中開始試(shi)驗光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，1977年(nian)(nian)在(zai)西延(yan)線張家船工(gong)(gong)點，全長近200m的2000m2路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡(po)(po)全部采用(yong)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)后(hou)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)平(ping)整(zheng)穩定，殘留的半孔(kong)清晰可(ke)見(jian)，是鐵路(lu)建設(she)中采用(yong)路(lu)塹光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。
