專用c型聚能管聚能包由炸、形罩、隔板、殼體、引信和支架等部分組成，其作用及對聚能包威力的影響分述如下。1．炸，炸是聚能管爆破的能源，炸的爆壓越大，聚能彈威力越大；為得到高爆壓，需高爆速、高密度的炸。常用炸有梯恩梯、8321炸等，裝方法有熔鑄，塑裝和壓裝多種。2．型罩，型罩的作用是把炸的爆炸能轉化成罩體材料的射流動能，從而提高其穿透和切割能力。c型聚能管廠家型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)材(cai)料必須滿足(zu)四點要求，即可壓縮(suo)性小、密度高、塑(su)性和延展性好，在(zai)(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射流中(zhong)不汽(qi)化。大量試(shi)驗(yan)證明，用(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)罩(zhao)效果好，其次為鑄(zhu)鐵、鋼和陶瓷。型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)，主(zhu)要有軸對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，如圓錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，常見的(de)(de)有用(yong)于(yu)(yu)切(qie)割(ge)屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)直(zhi)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和用(yong)于(yu)(yu)切(qie)割(ge)管材(cai)的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能罩(zhao)兩種(zhong)(zhong)；中(zhong)心對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，這種(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能包(bao)，中(zhong)心有球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外(wai)敷(fu)設(she)炸(zha)，若(ruo)能在(zai)(zai)瞬間同時起爆，可在(zai)(zai)空腔中(zhong)心點獲(huo)得極(ji)大的(de)(de)能量集中(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)工程中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)是軸對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)和面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)兩類型(xing)罩(zhao)。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)隧道掘進(jin)作業中的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際應用。提(ti)升(sheng)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)平、嚴抓隧道超挖(wa)管控進(jin)行(xing)了介紹(shao)。聚能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成(cheng)熟(shu)、可(ke)操(cao)作性很(hen)強、材料(liao)成(cheng)本很(hen)低、施(shi)工(gong)速度很(hen)快、節(jie)能環保效(xiao)果(guo)很(hen)顯著、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益社會效(xiao)益很(hen)高(gao)(gao)。一(yi)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)對(dui)(dui)推(tui)廣該(gai)項技(ji)(ji)術(shu)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性和必(bi)然性的(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識(shi);二(er)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)樹(shu)立必(bi)須采(cai)取聚能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意識(shi);三(san)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持(chi)培(pei)訓、示范、監督“三(san)位一(yi)體”;四(si)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定切(qie)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)獎懲制(zhi)(zhi)度;五是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建立檢查監督機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，持(chi)續促進(jin)該(gai)項技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深入推(tui)廣。在(zai)隧道施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)場管理(li)、科技(ji)(ji)創新(xin)(xin)、人才培(pei)養、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益等方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足。建議(yi)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)一(yi)線基礎(chu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)工(gong)作扎(zha)實推(tui)進(jin);對(dui)(dui)新(xin)(xin)工(gong)藝、先進(jin)工(gong)法要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)深入學習鉆研(yan);對(dui)(dui)消極(ji)懈怠、故步自(zi)封的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)堅決抵(di)制(zhi)(zhi)。

我國于1983年(nian)制定了《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)行基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)開挖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此，在水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已(yi)成為必須進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)坡(po)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開挖技(ji)(ji)術措(cuo)施(shi)。此后在此基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)修訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)石基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)開挖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利(li)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)(he)(he)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)石基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)開挖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編入(ru)并有(you)所(suo)改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部(bu)也不僅規(gui)(gui)定了凡是Ⅲ級以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)石邊(bian)坡(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)為1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡(po)部(bu)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并闡述(shu)了光(guang)面(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則和(he)(he)(he)參數、安全措(cuo)施(shi)，而且還(huan)明確了路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡(po)光(guang)面(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項(xiang)目質量驗收(shou)檢測數量和(he)(he)(he)檢測方法(fa)。無(wu)疑(yi)該(gai)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)，有(you)力地推動和(he)(he)(he)促進了光(guang)面(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術在鐵路(lu)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用與(yu)發展。

采用(yong)(yong)一種(zhong)抗靜電(dian)阻燃的特種(zhong)塑(su)料(liao)管、異形雙(shuang)槽聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管，根據炮眼深(shen)度可長可短(duan)。是(shi)兩個(ge)相似半壁(bi)管組成(cheng)，半壁(bi)管中央有(you)個(ge)凹進去的槽叫(jiao)做'聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽"，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)成(cheng)型效(xiao)果(guo)好(hao)，開挖(wa)輪(lun)廓線平順整齊，圍巖(yan)擾(rao)動減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)、超欠挖(wa)明(ming)顯改善，有(you)利于支護工(gong)(gong)序施工(gong)(gong)，同(tong)時混凝土回填成(cheng)本(ben)大為(wei)降(jiang)低。鑿(zao)孔(kong)率(lv)(lv)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)30%，大大降(jiang)低了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)作業工(gong)(gong)班的勞動量:鉆孔(kong)縮(suo)短(duan)30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)打眼、出渣量減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)低了材(cai)料(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)、減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)時消耗、勞動效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)明(ming)顯提高，周邊(bian)眼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)成(cheng)本(ben)降(jiang)低30%以(yi)上，半眼痕保(bao)留率(lv)(lv)高達(da)85%以(yi)上。pvc爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管主要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)(yong)于隧道(dao)、煤礦、鐵礦等(deng)需要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)施工(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)程。采用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管的光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)可減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)鉆孔(kong)，擴大孔(kong)距，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管用(yong)(yong)量，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)超挖(wa)，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)噴漿，提高半孔(kong)率(lv)(lv)，既節省了成(cheng)本(ben)又提高了施工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。