各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材銷毀(hui)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材意外(wai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)源與(yu)(yu)人員和(he)其(qi)他保(bao)(bao)護(hu)對象之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)稱為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)應(ying)取(qu)各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)應(ying)（地(di)(di)震(zhen)、沖擊波、飛石、有毒氣(qi)體等）分別(bie)核定的(de)(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時，必(bi)然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)(di)震(zhen)、空氣(qi)沖擊波、碎石飛散及(ji)(ji)有害(hai)(hai)氣(qi)體，因(yin)此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)設(she)計時必(bi)須確定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)(hai)范(fan)圍，并確定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附近人員、設(she)備、建筑物及(ji)(ji)井巷等的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，這(zhe)一段(duan)(duan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)就稱為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)。如何(he)控制好這(zhe)段(duan)(duan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)就顯(xian)的(de)(de)尤為(wei)(wei)重要。為(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)(di)點與(yu)(yu)人員或(huo)其(qi)他應(ying)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)對象之(zhi)間(jian)必(bi)須保(bao)(bao)持短的(de)(de)相隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)增加有規(gui)律地(di)(di)衰減，用距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)尺度可限(xian)定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)在(zai)允許限(xian)度之(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)》規(gui)定了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)(di)震(zhen)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)，個別(bie)飛散物安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊波的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)。

對(dui)(dui)(dui)于爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作(zuo)業安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究,是(shi)(shi)從兩個(ge)(ge)方(fang)面(mian)去考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)炸(zha)和(he)(he)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)器材以及對(dui)(dui)(dui)其爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)所(suo)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞作(zuo)用進(jin)行限(xian)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)主動的(de)(de)(de)(de)。另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)危害采(cai)取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)護措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)被動的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)面(mian)。兩者對(dui)(dui)(dui)阻止爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞性(xing)有(you)同樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性(xing),但在具(ju)(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工程中(zhong),則常常會有(you)變(bian)化不定的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象和(he)(he)后果(guo),因此,必須(xu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)每一(yi)項工程破(po)(po)壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)情況作(zuo)細致的(de)(de)(de)(de)分析研(yan)究,從而(er)(er)采(cai)取(qu)適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)(dui)策。同時，雖然技(ji)術不斷取(qu)得進(jin)步，須(xu)在操作(zuo)過(guo)程中(zhong)注意每個(ge)(ge)工序，按照安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)程認(ren)真作(zuo)業。只要(yao)嚴格遵(zun)守安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)程、正確地采(cai)取(qu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)防(fang)護措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),任何規(gui)模、任何種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)可以確保安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)些安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)條文(wen)是(shi)(shi)有(you)經驗教訓和(he)(he)理論根據的(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)血的(de)(de)(de)(de)教訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)總結，所(suo)以一(yi)定要(yao)克服麻痹思想，嚴格執行安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)定，決不能以沒出過(guo)事故而(er)(er)輕率地"突破(po)(po)"規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)"框框"。

在(zai)(zai)工程(cheng)(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)有(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)(dao)火索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)能使雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而(er)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)器材(cai)有(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)(dao)(dao)線和起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源。電(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連(lian)接形式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規(gui)模、工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)重要(yao)性、所選(xuan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源及其起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)等(deng)進行選(xuan)擇(ze)，基本連(lian)接方式有(you)(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)、并聯(lian)(lian)、串(chuan)并聯(lian)(lian)和并串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)安全、可靠、準(zhun)確、高效等(deng)優(you)點，在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內外仍占有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)大比(bi)重。在(zai)(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而(er)發生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)雜散電(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)、射頻電(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)。

專業礦用型聚能管聚能包由炸、形罩、隔板、殼體、引信和支架等部分組成，其作用及對聚能包威力的影響分述如下。1．炸，炸是聚能管爆破的能源，炸的爆壓越大，聚能彈威力越大；為得到高爆壓，需高爆速、高密度的炸。常用炸有梯恩梯、8321炸等，裝方法有熔鑄，塑裝和壓裝多種。2．型罩，型罩的作用是把炸的爆炸能轉化成罩體材料的射流動能，從而提高其穿透和切割能力。礦用型聚能管價格型罩(zhao)的材(cai)料(liao)必(bi)須滿足四點要求(qiu)，即可(ke)(ke)壓(ya)縮性小、密度高、塑性和(he)延(yan)展(zhan)性好(hao)，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成射(she)流中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)汽化。大量試驗證明，用(yong)紫銅制作型罩(zhao)效果好(hao)，其次為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)陶瓷。型罩(zhao)的形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種多(duo)樣，主要有(you)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱型，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半(ban)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面(mian)對(dui)稱型，常見的有(you)用(yong)于切(qie)割屬板材(cai)的直(zhi)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)于切(qie)割管材(cai)的環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能罩(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)稱型，這種球形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能包，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)有(you)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)，若能在(zai)瞬間同時起爆，可(ke)(ke)在(zai)空腔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)點獲得極大的能量集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)的是軸(zhou)對(dui)稱型和(he)面(mian)對(dui)稱型兩類型罩(zhao)。

采用(yong)一(yi)種(zhong)抗靜電阻燃的(de)(de)特種(zhong)塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)、異形(xing)雙(shuang)槽(cao)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)，根(gen)據炮眼深度可長可短。是兩個相似(si)半壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)組成(cheng)，半壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)央有個凹進去的(de)(de)槽(cao)叫做'聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)"，使(shi)用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)成(cheng)型效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)好，開挖輪(lun)廓線平順整齊，圍巖擾動減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)、超欠挖明顯改(gai)善(shan)，有利于支護工(gong)(gong)(gong)序施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，同時混凝土回(hui)填成(cheng)本(ben)大為降(jiang)低。鑿(zao)孔率(lv)(lv)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)30%，大大降(jiang)低了爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作(zuo)業工(gong)(gong)(gong)班的(de)(de)勞(lao)動量:鉆孔縮短30分鐘、少(shao)打眼、出(chu)渣量減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)，降(jiang)低了材料(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)、減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時消耗(hao)、勞(lao)動效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)明顯提(ti)高，周邊眼爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)成(cheng)本(ben)降(jiang)低30%以上，半眼痕保留(liu)率(lv)(lv)高達(da)85%以上。pvc爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)主要應用(yong)于隧道、煤礦、鐵礦等需要進行光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。采用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)可減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)鉆孔，擴(kuo)大孔距(ju)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)用(yong)量，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)超挖，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)噴漿(jiang)，提(ti)高半孔率(lv)(lv)，既節省了成(cheng)本(ben)又提(ti)高了施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。

是(shi)由管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前錐形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)帽、后定格(ge)堵(du)構(gou)成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為塑性材料制成，呈(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小于正(zheng)常炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度可隨爆(bao)破需(xu)要生產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)各有(you)(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)一縱向切(qie)(qie)縫，切(qie)(qie)縫間(jian)等距(ju)有(you)(you)(you)加強筋，前錐形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)帽呈(cheng)傘(san)狀，傘(san)形(xing)(xing)尖有(you)(you)(you)一光孔，兩(liang)(liang)側直壁(bi)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前端(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)配合(he)(he)，帽體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后定格(ge)堵(du)為一封蓋(gai)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，與前錐形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)帽外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一致，后定格(ge)堵(du)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后端(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)配合(he)(he)。可根據炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深度采(cai)用合(he)(he)適(shi)的聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需(xu)其他工(gong)具幫助送(song)入(ru)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)，切(qie)(qie)縫方向準確(que)，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)的前錐形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)帽和后定格(ge)堵(du)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一致，保(bao)證聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同(tong)心，定向準確(que)。且利(li)于工(gong)業(ye)化生產，作業(ye)安全