水壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破是(shi)在(zai)炮(pao)(pao)孔兩(liang)端填充水袋，中間(jian)裝上乳(ru)化炸(zha)，炮(pao)(pao)孔再用(yong)(yong)炮(pao)(pao)泥(ni)封(feng)死，炮(pao)(pao)孔間(jian)距很大，兩(liang)個炮(pao)(pao)空之間(jian)相距了一(yi)米(mi)左右，是(shi)常(chang)規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破的炮(pao)(pao)孔間(jian)距的兩(liang)倍(bei)，這(zhe)樣(yang)可以節省炮(pao)(pao)孔材料，這(zhe)兩(liang)個凹(ao)(ao)槽(cao)又稱為(wei)聚能(neng)槽(cao)，聚能(neng)槽(cao)非常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)，放置的位置和方向都十(shi)分講究(jiu)，一(yi)點(dian)也不能(neng)出錯(cuo)，在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破的瞬間(jian)，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)聚能(neng)射流立(li)即往(wang)凹(ao)(ao)槽(cao)兩(liang)邊(bian)的巖(yan)石進(jin)行(xing)切割(ge)，巖(yan)石如同豆(dou)腐一(yi)樣(yang)輕松被切割(ge)切割(ge)出來(lai)的輪廓線十(shi)分平順，效(xiao)果極好(hao)，聚能(neng)水壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中的水袋沒有(you)降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破的效(xiao)果，反而能(neng)保(bao)護隧道周邊(bian)植(zhi)被，減少地質擾動(dong)，降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)煙塵(chen)，重(zhong)要(yao)的是(shi)節省炸(zha)成本，在(zai)未來(lai)這(zhe)項(xiang)技術會廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于工程中，降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)施工成本。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破聚能(neng)管水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破較水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破，在(zai)周邊(bian)眼單(dan)循環火(huo)工品使用(yong)(yong)量(liang)上節約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼鉆孔數量(liang)從(cong)39個下降(jiang)為(wei)23個費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節約41%，混凝土噴(pen)射每延米(mi)節約1.37立(li)方米(mi)。

在工程爆破中，礦用型雙向聚能管廠家常用的起爆方法有：電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸，進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有：電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式，要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇，麗水礦用型雙向聚能管基本(ben)連接(jie)方式有：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串(chuan)并聯(lian)和并串(chuan)聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)法具有較安全(quan)、可靠、準確、高(gao)效(xiao)等優點，在(zai)國內外仍占有較大比重。在(zai)大、中(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)仍是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在(zai)有瓦斯(si)、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)炸的環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的起爆(bao)(bao)方法。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓(ya)感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)的環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)，不能使用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。

各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材(cai)銷(xiao)毀以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材(cai)意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源(yuan)與(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)和其(qi)他(ta)保護對(dui)象(xiang)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)(ying)取各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)（地震(zhen)、沖擊波(bo)、飛石、有(you)毒氣體(ti)等(deng)）分別核定的(de)(de)(de)大值(zhi)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時，必(bi)(bi)然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)、空(kong)氣沖擊波(bo)、碎石飛散及有(you)害(hai)氣體(ti)，因此(ci)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計時必(bi)(bi)須確定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)范(fan)圍，并(bing)確定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近人(ren)員(yuan)、設(she)備、建筑(zhu)物及井(jing)巷等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，這一段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就(jiu)(jiu)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。如何控制(zhi)好這段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就(jiu)(jiu)顯的(de)(de)(de)尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地點(dian)與(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)或(huo)其(qi)他(ta)應(ying)(ying)(ying)保護對(dui)象(xiang)之(zhi)間必(bi)(bi)須保持短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)隔長度(du)(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)隨(sui)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加有(you)規律地衰(shuai)減(jian)，用距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)作(zuo)為(wei)安(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度(du)(du)可限(xian)定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在允許(xu)限(xian)度(du)(du)之(zhi)內。中(zhong)國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)規程》規定了(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，個別飛散物安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊波(bo)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。

聚(ju)能(neng)包(bao)由炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)、隔(ge)板、殼(ke)體、引(yin)信和支架等(deng)部分組成，其作(zuo)用及對(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)包(bao)威(wei)(wei)力的(de)(de)(de)影響分述(shu)如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是(shi)(shi)聚(ju)能(neng)管爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)越大，聚(ju)能(neng)彈威(wei)(wei)力越大；為得(de)到高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)，需高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)(bao)速、高(gao)(gao)密(mi)度的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常用炸(zha)(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)等(deng)，裝方法有(you)熔鑄(zhu)，塑裝和壓(ya)裝多(duo)種(zhong)。2．型(xing)罩(zhao)，型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)把炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)轉化(hua)成罩(zhao)體材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)射(she)流動(dong)能(neng)，從而提(ti)高(gao)(gao)其穿透和切割(ge)(ge)能(neng)力。型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)必須滿足四點要(yao)求，即可壓(ya)縮性(xing)小、密(mi)度高(gao)(gao)、塑性(xing)和延(yan)展性(xing)好，在形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成射(she)流中不汽化(hua)。大量(liang)試驗證明，用紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)罩(zhao)效果(guo)好，其次為鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)、鋼和陶(tao)瓷。型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣，主要(yao)有(you)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)用于切割(ge)(ge)屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和用于切割(ge)(ge)管材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)罩(zhao)兩種(zhong)；中心(xin)(xin)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，這種(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)包(bao)，中心(xin)(xin)有(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設(she)炸(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)在瞬間同時起爆(bao)(bao)，可在空腔中心(xin)(xin)點獲得(de)極大的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)集中。在工程中常用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)和面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)兩類(lei)型(xing)罩(zhao)。