各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材銷毀以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源與人員和(he)其他保護(hu)對象(xiang)之間的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應取(qu)各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效應（地震(zhen)(zhen)、沖擊(ji)(ji)波、飛(fei)石(shi)、有毒氣(qi)(qi)體等）分別核(he)定(ding)(ding)的(de)大(da)值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時(shi)(shi)，必(bi)然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)(zhen)、空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)沖擊(ji)(ji)波、碎石(shi)飛(fei)散及有害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計時(shi)(shi)必(bi)須確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)范(fan)圍，并確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近人員、設(she)備、建筑物及井巷等的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，這一(yi)段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。如何控制好這段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就顯的(de)尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保證(zheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地點(dian)與人員或其他應保護(hu)對象(xiang)之間必(bi)須保持(chi)短的(de)相隔長度(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)效應隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)增加有規(gui)律地衰減，用距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)為(wei)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)尺(chi)度(du)可限定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)效應在允許限度(du)之內(nei)。中國(guo)《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)程》規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)(zhen)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，個別飛(fei)散物安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊(ji)(ji)波的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。

采(cai)用一種抗(kang)靜電(dian)阻(zu)燃(ran)的(de)(de)特種塑(su)料(liao)管、異形(xing)雙槽(cao)聚(ju)能(neng)管，根據(ju)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深(shen)度可長可短。是兩個相似半(ban)壁管組成(cheng)(cheng)，半(ban)壁管中央有個凹進去(qu)的(de)(de)槽(cao)叫做'聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)"，使用聚(ju)能(neng)管光面爆(bao)破(po)成(cheng)(cheng)型效(xiao)(xiao)果好(hao)，開挖輪(lun)廓線平順整(zheng)齊，圍(wei)巖擾動減(jian)少(shao)(shao)、超欠挖明顯改善，有利于(yu)支(zhi)護工(gong)序(xu)施(shi)工(gong)，同時(shi)混凝土(tu)回填成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)大(da)為降低(di)。鑿孔(kong)率(lv)(lv)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降低(di)了(le)爆(bao)破(po)作業工(gong)班的(de)(de)勞(lao)動量:鉆孔(kong)縮短30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、出渣(zha)量減(jian)少(shao)(shao)，降低(di)了(le)材料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、減(jian)少(shao)(shao)工(gong)時(shi)消耗(hao)、勞(lao)動效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)明顯提高，周邊眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)降低(di)30%以(yi)上，半(ban)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)痕(hen)保(bao)留率(lv)(lv)高達85%以(yi)上。pvc爆(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管主要應用于(yu)隧道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵礦(kuang)等需(xu)要進行光面爆(bao)破(po)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)程。采(cai)用聚(ju)能(neng)管的(de)(de)光面爆(bao)破(po)可減(jian)少(shao)(shao)鉆孔(kong)，擴大(da)孔(kong)距，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)管用量，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)超挖，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)噴漿，提高半(ban)孔(kong)率(lv)(lv)，既節省(sheng)了(le)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)又提高了(le)施(shi)工(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。

江蘇雙向爆破聚能管不成功的事例是有的，如爆而不倒、實施定向爆破后沒有按爆破方案的方向倒塌等等。這些事例警示:從爆破設計、爆破器材質量、爆破施工到起爆網路連接等，只要有一個環節出現失誤，都將影響爆破工程的效果，乃至造成嚴重的后果。雙向爆破聚能管公司爆破(po)作業無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)(shi)老舊(jiu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)本身還是(shi)(shi)(shi)周圍環境都十(shi)分(fen)(fen)復雜，這不僅要(yao)求認真調(diao)查(cha)爆破(po)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)結構(包括施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)缺(que)陷)，分(fen)(fen)析受力狀況，同(tong)時還要(yao)對采取(qu)技術(shu)措施(shi)(如預(yu)處理(li)、嵌補、支撐(cheng)等)的(de)(de)(de)可靠和安(an)全性進行分(fen)(fen)析，對可能出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)意外情況，應預(yu)先制定應急方(fang)案(an)，努力避免(mian)安(an)全事(shi)故和不必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)損失。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)環保性越來越受到人們的(de)(de)(de)關注，同(tong)時，探索無(wu)公害的(de)(de)(de)拆除爆破(po)技術(shu)，一直是(shi)(shi)(shi)爆破(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作者追求的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)。設(she)立掩蔽體(ti)(ti)對物(wu)體(ti)(ti)加以保護(hu)，簡單的(de)(de)(de)辦法是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)草袋、竹笆一類材料覆蓋在需要(yao)保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)面;對房屋和機器設(she)備常要(yao)在迎(ying)面和頂部豎(shu)立排架，用(yong)(yong)木板或(huo)(huo)荊笆上(shang)罩鐵絲網，抵御較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)飛石和較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)空氣沖(chong)擊波的(de)(de)(de)打擊;對某些重要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)打防震孔(kong)或(huo)(huo)者用(yong)(yong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆破(po)將爆破(po)區和被保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)或(huo)(huo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)施(shi)隔離開來。

預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)的(de)(de)歷史與現(xian)狀(zhuang)：預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)沿設計(ji)開(kai)挖邊界布(bu)(bu)置密(mi)集炮孔，采取不耦合(he)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)或裝(zhuang)填低(di)威力炸(zha)藥(yao)，在主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區之(zhi)前(qian)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區與保留(liu)區之(zhi)間形(xing)成預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)縫，以減弱主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)對(dui)保留(liu)巖體的(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞(huai)并形(xing)成平(ping)(ping)(ping)整輪(lun)廓面(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業。光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)沿設計(ji)開(kai)挖邊界布(bu)(bu)設密(mi)集炮孔，采用(yong)不耦合(he)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)或裝(zhuang)填低(di)威力炸(zha)藥(yao)，在主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)之(zhi)后起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)以形(xing)成平(ping)(ping)(ping)整的(de)(de)開(kai)挖輪(lun)廓面(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)的(de)(de)發(fa)展是(shi)先出(chu)現(xian)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，然后衍生(sheng)發(fa)展為預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。聚能管國內歷史與現(xian)狀(zhuang)，我國于1964～1965年在湖北陸水水電站施工中做過淺孔預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年鐵(tie)道部門在成昆(kun)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)建(jian)設中開(kai)始試驗(yan)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，1977年在西延線張家船工點，全長近200m的(de)(de)2000m2路(lu)(lu)塹邊坡全部采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)后邊坡平(ping)(ping)(ping)整穩定，殘留(liu)的(de)(de)半孔清晰可見(jian)，是(shi)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)建(jian)設中采用(yong)路(lu)(lu)塹光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。

在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)(de)器材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)連接形(xing)式，要(yao)根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力等(deng)進(jin)行(xing)選擇，基(ji)本連接方(fang)式有(you)：串(chuan)聯、并聯、串(chuan)并聯和并串(chuan)聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具(ju)有(you)較安全(quan)、可靠、準確、高效等(deng)優(you)點，在(zai)國內外仍(reng)占有(you)較大(da)比重。在(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主要(yao)仍(reng)是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是在(zai)有(you)瓦斯(si)、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，不能使(shi)用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。