對于爆(bao)破(po)(po)作業安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究,是(shi)從(cong)(cong)兩個方面去考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)方面是(shi)炸(zha)和起爆(bao)器材以及對其(qi)爆(bao)炸(zha)所造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞(huai)作用進行(xing)限制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)技術(shu)(shu),這(zhe)是(shi)主動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。另一(yi)(yi)個方面是(shi)對爆(bao)破(po)(po)所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害采取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防護(hu)措施,這(zhe)是(shi)被動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個方面。兩者(zhe)對阻止爆(bao)破(po)(po)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞(huai)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性(xing)(xing),但(dan)在具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)工程(cheng)中,則常常會(hui)有(you)(you)變化不(bu)(bu)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象和后果(guo),因(yin)此,必須對每(mei)一(yi)(yi)項工程(cheng)破(po)(po)壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體情況作細(xi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)研究,從(cong)(cong)而采取(qu)適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對策。同(tong)時，雖然技術(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)斷取(qu)得進步，須在操(cao)作過程(cheng)中注意每(mei)個工序，按照安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)規程(cheng)認(ren)真作業。只要(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)格遵守安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)規程(cheng)、正確地采取(qu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)技術(shu)(shu)措施和防護(hu)措施,任何(he)規模、任何(he)種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)可以確保安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)(yi)些安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條文是(shi)有(you)(you)經(jing)驗教(jiao)訓(xun)和理論根據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至是(shi)血的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓(xun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總結，所以一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)克(ke)服麻痹(bi)思想，嚴(yan)(yan)格執行(xing)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)規定(ding)(ding)，決不(bu)(bu)能以沒出過事故而輕率地"突破(po)(po)"規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"框(kuang)框(kuang)"。

水(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)炮孔(kong)(kong)兩(liang)端填(tian)充水(shui)袋，中(zhong)間裝上(shang)乳化炸(zha)，炮孔(kong)(kong)再用炮泥封死，炮孔(kong)(kong)間距很大，兩(liang)個炮空(kong)之間相距了一米(mi)左右，是(shi)常(chang)規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)炮孔(kong)(kong)間距的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)倍，這(zhe)(zhe)樣可(ke)以節省炮孔(kong)(kong)材料，這(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)個凹槽又稱為聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽非常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)，放置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)和(he)方向(xiang)都(dou)十分(fen)講究，一點也不(bu)能(neng)出錯，在(zai)(zai)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間，高溫高壓聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)射流立即往凹槽兩(liang)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)石進行切割(ge)，巖(yan)石如同豆腐一樣輕松(song)被切割(ge)切割(ge)出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪廓線(xian)十分(fen)平順，效果(guo)極好(hao)，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)水(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)袋沒(mei)有降(jiang)低(di)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)，反而能(neng)保護隧道(dao)周(zhou)邊植(zhi)被，減少地質(zhi)擾動，降(jiang)低(di)煙(yan)塵(chen)，重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)節省炸(zha)成本(ben)，在(zai)(zai)未(wei)來這(zhe)(zhe)項技術會廣泛應用于工程中(zhong)，降(jiang)低(di)施工成本(ben)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管水(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)較(jiao)水(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，在(zai)(zai)周(zhou)邊眼(yan)單循環火工品使用量上(shang)節約費(fei)(fei)用8.3%，周(zhou)邊眼(yan)鉆孔(kong)(kong)數量從39個下降(jiang)為23個費(fei)(fei)用節約41%，混凝(ning)土噴(pen)射每(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節約1.37立方米(mi)。

專業c型聚能管采用一種抗靜電阻燃的特種塑料管、異形雙槽聚能管，根據炮眼深度可長可短。潮州c型聚能管是兩個相似半(ban)壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，半(ban)壁(bi)(bi)管(guan)中(zhong)央有個凹進去的(de)槽(cao)叫做'聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)"，使用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)成(cheng)(cheng)型效果(guo)好，開挖輪(lun)廓線(xian)平順(shun)整齊(qi)，圍巖擾動減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)、超(chao)欠(qian)挖明顯改善，有利于(yu)支護工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，同時混凝土回填成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)大(da)(da)為降(jiang)低(di)。鑿孔率減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)30%，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降(jiang)低(di)了爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作業工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)班的(de)勞(lao)動量(liang):鉆孔縮短30分(fen)鐘、少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)(yan)、出渣量(liang)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)低(di)了材料成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時消耗(hao)、勞(lao)動效率明顯提高(gao)(gao)，周邊眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)降(jiang)低(di)30%以上(shang)，半(ban)眼(yan)(yan)痕保留率高(gao)(gao)達(da)85%以上(shang)。pvc爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)主要(yao)應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)隧道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵(tie)礦(kuang)等需要(yao)進行光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程。采用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)可減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)鉆孔，擴大(da)(da)孔距(ju)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)管(guan)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)超(chao)挖，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)噴漿，提高(gao)(gao)半(ban)孔率，既節省了成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)又提高(gao)(gao)了施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效率。

在(zai)(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導火(huo)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)能使雷管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而(er)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)的(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)需的(de)器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)(guan)、導線和(he)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)連接(jie)形式，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要性(xing)、所(suo)選起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進行(xing)選擇，基本連接(jie)方式有(you)(you)：串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)和(he)并(bing)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)(you)較安全、可(ke)靠(kao)、準(zhun)確、高效等(deng)優點(dian)，在(zai)(zai)國內(nei)外仍占有(you)(you)較大比重(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)大、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，主要仍是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)環境中，電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要的(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的(de)干擾而(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)雜散(san)電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)、高壓感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)的(de)環境中，不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)(guan)。

是將炸藥裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)內，兩頭均放置了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋，聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)炸產生(sheng)的(de)高溫高壓射流(liu)，讓(rang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋產生(sheng)“水(shui)(shui)(shui)楔”效(xiao)應,使圍巖裂縫加(jia)劇延伸(shen)擴展。它是在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)基礎上發展起(qi)來的(de)一項(xiang)新技術，區別只是在(zai)(zai)周邊(bian)眼(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)安裝(zhuang)專用線性聚(ju)能(neng)藥管(guan)(guan)替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)線，只要(yao)做到七大關(guan)鍵環節：水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋挺拔飽(bao)滿、炮泥軟硬適中(zhong)(zhong)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)到底、炮泥回填(tian)(tian)到口、木棍逐(zhu)節搗固、水(shui)(shui)(shui)藥緊密相(xiang)連、槽面必(bi)須平行，就能(neng)對控制超欠挖起(qi)到良(liang)好效(xiao)果(guo)。在(zai)(zai)推廣水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)基礎上，去年(nian)9月，水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓聚(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)成果(guo)上，今(jin)年(nian)更為深入地在(zai)(zai)興泉鐵路大嶺隧道(dao)、牡(mu)佳(jia)鐵路麻(ma)山隧道(dao)采用了(le)此(ci)項(xiang)技術，積累了(le)成功經驗。