的(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)事應(ying)用(yong)：聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，早在(zai)二次世界大戰(zhan)(zhan)期間就在(zai)軍(jun)事方面(mian)(mian)廣(guang)(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)。國內在(zai)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)破(po)甲技(ji)術(shu)(shu)如大錐角反艦(jian)導彈(dan)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗部(bu)和(he)大錐角反坦克地(di)雷以及敏感彈(dan)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗部(bu)等方面(mian)(mian)取(qu)得了較(jiao)為(wei)快(kuai)速的(de)(de)(de)發展，我國20世紀(ji)60年(nian)代打(da)破(po)國外(wai)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)封鎖獨立自主研發成功原子(zi)彈(dan)就是得力于聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)轟擊核裝置而引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)原子(zi)彈(dan)。的(de)(de)(de)民爆(bao)(bao)(bao)應(ying)用(yong)——切槽(cao)(cao)(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)：聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)用(yong)于工程建設也是20世紀(ji)60年(nian)代開始(shi)的(de)(de)(de)，首先是瑞(rui)典的(de)(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提(ti)出孔壁切槽(cao)(cao)(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)利(li)用(yong)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)口應(ying)力集中定(ding)向開裂的(de)(de)(de)設想，后經(jing)W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是有效的(de)(de)(de)。70年(nian)代國外(wai)廣(guang)(guang)泛研究和(he)應(ying)用(yong)了切槽(cao)(cao)(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。

是將炸藥(yao)(yao)裝在(zai)(zai)(zai)聚能(neng)(neng)管內，兩頭均放(fang)置了水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋，聚能(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)炸產生的(de)高溫(wen)高壓(ya)(ya)射(she)流，讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋產生“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)楔”效應(ying),使(shi)圍(wei)巖裂縫加劇延伸擴(kuo)展。它是在(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)基礎上(shang)發展起來的(de)一(yi)項新技(ji)術，區(qu)別只是在(zai)(zai)(zai)周邊眼中(zhong)安裝專用(yong)線(xian)(xian)性聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)管替代常規爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)藥(yao)(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)線(xian)(xian)，只要(yao)做到(dao)七大(da)關(guan)鍵環節：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋挺拔飽滿、炮(pao)(pao)泥軟(ruan)硬適中(zhong)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋裝填到(dao)底、炮(pao)(pao)泥回填到(dao)口、木棍逐節搗固、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)藥(yao)(yao)緊密(mi)相連(lian)、槽面必須平行，就能(neng)(neng)對控制(zhi)超(chao)欠挖(wa)起到(dao)良好效果。在(zai)(zai)(zai)推廣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)的(de)基礎上(shang)，去(qu)年(nian)9月，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)聚能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)的(de)成果上(shang)，今年(nian)更(geng)為深(shen)入(ru)地(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)興泉鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)大(da)嶺(ling)隧道、牡佳(jia)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)麻(ma)山(shan)隧道采用(yong)了此項技(ji)術，積累了成功經(jing)驗。

對于爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作(zuo)(zuo)業安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu),是(shi)從(cong)(cong)兩(liang)個方(fang)面(mian)去考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)炸和(he)起爆(bao)(bao)器材以及對其(qi)爆(bao)(bao)炸所(suo)(suo)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞作(zuo)(zuo)用進(jin)行限制的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)術,這是(shi)主動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。另一(yi)(yi)個方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)對爆(bao)(bao)破(po)所(suo)(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)危害采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)防護措施(shi),這是(shi)被動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個方(fang)面(mian)。兩(liang)者對阻止爆(bao)(bao)破(po)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞性(xing)有(you)同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性(xing),但在(zai)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中,則(ze)常(chang)常(chang)會有(you)變化不(bu)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象和(he)后果,因此,必須對每(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)項工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)破(po)壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體情況作(zuo)(zuo)細致的(de)(de)(de)(de)分析研究(jiu),從(cong)(cong)而(er)采(cai)取適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)對策。同(tong)時(shi)，雖然技(ji)術不(bu)斷取得進(jin)步，須在(zai)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中注意每(mei)(mei)個工序，按照安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)規程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)認真作(zuo)(zuo)業。只要嚴格遵守安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)規程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、正確(que)地采(cai)取安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)術措施(shi)和(he)防護措施(shi),任(ren)何規模、任(ren)何種(zhong)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)是(shi)可以確(que)保安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)(yi)些安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條文是(shi)有(you)經驗教(jiao)訓和(he)理論根(gen)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至是(shi)血(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)總結，所(suo)(suo)以一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要克服(fu)麻痹思想，嚴格執行安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)規定(ding)(ding)，決不(bu)能以沒出過事故(gu)而(er)輕率地"突破(po)"規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)"框框"。

我國(guo)20世紀60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)利用(yong)斷裂(lie)力學對巖石(shi)損(sun)傷引起的(de)裂(lie)紋(wen)擴(kuo)展(zhan)進行過(guo)試驗(yan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，為(wei)聚(ju)能(neng)爆破技(ji)術(shu)應用(yong)到工程做了不少理論分析，也取得一些進展(zhan)。80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)中期開(kai)始進行應用(yong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，以北京礦業學院為(wei)代(dai)表，著(zhu)重研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)了聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包切割饑理和應用(yong)。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)淮南礦業學院取得“雙面切割器”的(de)zhuanli，1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)又(you)取得“大(da)理石(shi)花崗巖切割技(ji)術(shu)應用(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)中國(guo)水電七(qi)局曾試圖采用(yong)硬質(zhi)紙加工聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)管成形聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)卷做過(guo)聚(ju)能(neng)預裂(lie)爆破試驗(yan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，但終因當時的(de)技(ji)術(shu)及工藝水平的(de)限(xian)制無法用(yong)于正常施工，但是他們開(kai)了橢圓雙極線性(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)結構(gou)試驗(yan)的(de)先河。雙聚(ju)能(neng)預裂(lie)與光(guang)面爆破綜合(he)技(ji)術(shu)開(kai)創輪廓控制爆破新時代(dai)。

在(zai)(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)，進而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法。它所(suo)需的(de)器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)連接(jie)形式(shi)，要(yao)根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方法、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程的(de)重要(yao)性、所(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等進行選擇，基(ji)本連接(jie)方式(shi)有(you)(you)：串聯(lian)、并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)、串并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)(bing)串聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法具有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)安全、可靠、準確、高效(xiao)等優點，在(zai)(zai)國內外仍占有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大比重。在(zai)(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主(zhu)要(yao)仍是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是(shi)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)干擾(rao)而(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環境中(zhong)，不(bu)能使(shi)用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

專業雙向爆破聚能管采用一種抗靜電阻燃的特種塑料管、異形雙槽聚能管，根據炮眼深度可長可短。南京雙向爆破聚能管是兩個(ge)相似半(ban)壁(bi)管(guan)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，半(ban)壁(bi)管(guan)中(zhong)央有個(ge)凹進去的(de)槽叫做'聚(ju)能(neng)槽"，使用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破成(cheng)(cheng)型效果好，開挖輪廓(kuo)線平順整(zheng)齊，圍巖(yan)擾動(dong)減(jian)少、超欠(qian)挖明顯(xian)改善，有利(li)于支護工(gong)序(xu)施(shi)工(gong)，同時混凝土回(hui)填成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)大為降(jiang)低(di)(di)。鑿孔率(lv)(lv)減(jian)少30%，大大降(jiang)低(di)(di)了(le)爆(bao)破作業(ye)工(gong)班(ban)的(de)勞動(dong)量:鉆(zhan)孔縮短30分鐘、少打(da)眼、出渣量減(jian)少，降(jiang)低(di)(di)了(le)材料成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、減(jian)少工(gong)時消耗、勞動(dong)效率(lv)(lv)明顯(xian)提高(gao)(gao)，周(zhou)邊眼爆(bao)破成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)降(jiang)低(di)(di)30%以(yi)上(shang)，半(ban)眼痕保留率(lv)(lv)高(gao)(gao)達85%以(yi)上(shang)。pvc爆(bao)破聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)主要應(ying)用(yong)于隧(sui)道(dao)、煤(mei)礦(kuang)、鐵礦(kuang)等需要進行光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破施(shi)工(gong)的(de)工(gong)程。采用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破可減(jian)少鉆(zhan)孔，擴(kuo)大孔距，減(jian)少導爆(bao)管(guan)用(yong)量，減(jian)少超挖，減(jian)少噴(pen)漿，提高(gao)(gao)半(ban)孔率(lv)(lv)，既節省了(le)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)又提高(gao)(gao)了(le)施(shi)工(gong)效率(lv)(lv)。