在建造(zao)隧道(dao)的時候,人(ren)(ren)們(men)首(shou)先想到(dao)的個(ge)方(fang)式,就(jiu)是(shi)使用爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),開(kai)山挖隧道(dao)修路,常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)需要使用數以噸(dun)計的炸(zha),炸(zha)的威力(li)十分(fen)巨大,但是(shi)在炸(zha)完之后(hou),空氣(qi)中(zhong)全是(shi)煙塵(chen),根(gen)本無法進(jin)入,另外常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)炸(zha)出(chu)來的輪廓線凹凸不平,后(hou)期常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)需要工(gong)人(ren)(ren)進(jin)一步(bu)修補輪廓線才能(neng)進(jin)行下(xia)一道(dao)工(gong)序,耗時耗力(li),那么有(you)沒有(you)其(qi)他(ta)的方(fang)式比(bi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)更好呢(ni)?2018年3月,央視報道(dao)了一場(chang)隧道(dao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)對(dui)比(bi)實驗(yan),實驗(yan)采用兩種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),滴喲中(zhong)是(shi)使用炸(zha)的常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),第二種則(ze)是(shi)國人(ren)(ren)新(xin)發(fa)明的聚能(neng)水(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),隨著(zhu)聲聲巨響(xiang),這(zhe)場(chang)對(dui)比(bi)試(shi)驗(yan)的結果超乎所有(you)人(ren)(ren)的意料,聚能(neng)水(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)效果更好,而且爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)產生(sheng)的水(shui)霧能(neng)將(jiang)煙塵(chen)覆(fu)蓋,起(qi)到(dao)降塵(chen)的作用,這(zhe)項爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)新(xin)方(fang)式得到(dao)了觀眾們(men)的認可。
采(cai)用(yong)一(yi)種抗靜電(dian)阻燃的(de)(de)特種塑料(liao)管(guan)、異(yi)形(xing)雙槽(cao)聚(ju)能管(guan),根據炮眼(yan)(yan)深度可長可短。是兩(liang)個(ge)相似半(ban)(ban)(ban)壁管(guan)組成,半(ban)(ban)(ban)壁管(guan)中央有個(ge)凹進去的(de)(de)槽(cao)叫做(zuo)'聚(ju)能槽(cao)",使用(yong)聚(ju)能管(guan)光(guang)面(mian)爆破成型效(xiao)(xiao)果好(hao),開挖(wa)輪廓線(xian)平(ping)順整齊,圍(wei)巖擾動減少、超(chao)欠(qian)挖(wa)明(ming)顯改善,有利(li)于支護工(gong)(gong)序施工(gong)(gong),同(tong)時(shi)混凝土回填成本大為(wei)降低(di)。鑿(zao)孔(kong)率減少30%,大大降低(di)了(le)爆破作業工(gong)(gong)班(ban)的(de)(de)勞動量:鉆孔(kong)縮短30分鐘、少打眼(yan)(yan)、出渣量減少,降低(di)了(le)材料(liao)成本、減少工(gong)(gong)時(shi)消(xiao)耗、勞動效(xiao)(xiao)率明(ming)顯提高(gao)(gao),周邊眼(yan)(yan)爆破成本降低(di)30%以上,半(ban)(ban)(ban)眼(yan)(yan)痕(hen)保留率高(gao)(gao)達85%以上。pvc爆破聚(ju)能管(guan)主要(yao)應用(yong)于隧道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵(tie)礦(kuang)等需要(yao)進行光(guang)面(mian)爆破施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程。采(cai)用(yong)聚(ju)能管(guan)的(de)(de)光(guang)面(mian)爆破可減少鉆孔(kong),擴大孔(kong)距(ju),減少導爆管(guan)用(yong)量,減少超(chao)挖(wa),減少噴漿,提高(gao)(gao)半(ban)(ban)(ban)孔(kong)率,既節省了(le)成本又提高(gao)(gao)了(le)施工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)率。
專用雙向爆破聚能管預裂與光面爆破技術的歷史與現狀:預裂爆破是沿設計開挖邊界布置密集炮孔,采取不耦合裝藥或裝填低威力炸藥,在主爆區之前起爆,從而在爆區與保留區之間形成預裂縫,以減弱主爆破對保留巖體的破壞并形成平整輪廓面的爆破作業。雙向爆破聚能管公司光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是沿設計開挖邊界布設密集炮(pao)孔,采(cai)用不耦合(he)裝藥(yao)或裝填低(di)威力炸藥(yao),在主(zhu)爆(bao)區爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)之后起爆(bao)的(de)以形(xing)成平整(zheng)的(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)發展是先出現光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po),然(ran)后衍生發展為預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。聚能(neng)管國內歷(li)史與現狀,我國于1964~1965年在湖北陸水水電站施工中(zhong)做(zuo)過淺孔預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)試驗(yan),1965年鐵(tie)道(dao)部(bu)(bu)門在成昆鐵(tie)路建(jian)設中(zhong)開始試驗(yan)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po),1977年在西延線張家(jia)船(chuan)工點,全長(chang)近200m的(de)2000m2路塹邊坡全部(bu)(bu)采(cai)用光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po),爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)后邊坡平整(zheng)穩定,殘留(liu)的(de)半孔清晰可見,是鐵(tie)路建(jian)設中(zhong)采(cai)用路塹光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。
水壓光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在隧道掘進(jin)作(zuo)業(ye)中的(de)實際(ji)應用(yong)。提升光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)水平(ping)、嚴(yan)抓(zhua)隧道超挖(wa)管(guan)控進(jin)行(xing)了介紹。聚能水壓光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操作(zuo)性(xing)很(hen)強(qiang)、材料成本很(hen)低(di)、施工(gong)(gong)速度很(hen)快、節能環保效果很(hen)顯著、經(jing)濟效益(yi)(yi)社會效益(yi)(yi)很(hen)高。一是(shi)要(yao)提高對推廣(guang)(guang)該(gai)項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)重要(yao)性(xing)和必然性(xing)的(de)認識;二是(shi)要(yao)樹立必須(xu)采取聚能水壓光面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)意識;三是(shi)要(yao)堅(jian)(jian)持培(pei)訓、示(shi)范(fan)、監督“三位一體”;四(si)是(shi)要(yao)制(zhi)定切實的(de)獎懲(cheng)制(zhi)度;五是(shi)要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立檢查監督機制(zhi),持續促進(jin)該(gai)項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)深(shen)入推廣(guang)(guang)。在隧道施工(gong)(gong)的(de)現場管(guan)理、科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)、人才培(pei)養、經(jing)濟效益(yi)(yi)等(deng)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)不足。建(jian)(jian)議對施工(gong)(gong)一線基礎技(ji)(ji)術(shu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)扎(zha)實推進(jin);對新(xin)工(gong)(gong)藝、先進(jin)工(gong)(gong)法(fa)要(yao)深(shen)入學(xue)習鉆研(yan);對消極懈怠、故步(bu)自封的(de)思想(xiang)要(yao)堅(jian)(jian)決抵制(zhi)。