火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)法(fa)(fa),導(dao)火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)導(dao)火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)傳遞火(huo)(huo)焰點燃(ran)火(huo)(huo)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)(guan)進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)。這種(zhong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)法(fa)(fa)所(suo)需的(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)有:導(dao)火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)、火(huo)(huo)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)(guan)和(he)點火(huo)(huo)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。導(dao)火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)法(fa)(fa)操作簡單(dan)、靈(ling)活,使用(yong)(yong)方便(bian),成(cheng)本較低,廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)小(xiao)型(xing)爆(bao)破(po)和(he)掘進(jin)。由于(yu)導(dao)火(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)的(de)速燃(ran)、緩燃(ran)等弊病,在(zai)爆(bao)破(po)中事故(gu)所(suo)占比重最大。不(bu)能多處(chu)裝藥(yao)(yao)同時(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)。導(dao)爆(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)法(fa)(fa),用(yong)(yong)導(dao)爆(bao)索(suo)(suo)直接起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)包的(de)方法(fa)(fa)叫導(dao)爆(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)法(fa)(fa)。先用(yong)(yong)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)導(dao)爆(bao)索(suo)(suo),當導(dao)爆(bao)索(suo)(suo)的(de)爆(bao)轟波傳至炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)包時(shi),將炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)引爆(bao)。在(zai)需要(yao)延時(shi)分段(duan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)的(de)地方,將導(dao)爆(bao)索(suo)(suo)中接入繼爆(bao)管(guan)(guan),就能達(da)到(dao)導(dao)爆(bao)索(suo)(suo)毫(hao)秒爆(bao)破(po)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。這種(zhong)爆(bao)破(po)法(fa)(fa)所(suo)需起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)有:雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)爆(bao)索(suo)(suo)和(he)繼爆(bao)管(guan)(guan)等。導(dao)爆(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)網路常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)有:串聯、簇并(bing)聯、單(dan)向分段(duan)并(bing)聯和(he)雙向分段(duan)并(bing)聯等。
在(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)、礦(kuang)山(shan)、水(shui)庫等(deng)大型工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中,爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)很(hen)關(guan)鍵很(hen)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)。采礦(kuang)修(xiu)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)山(shan)挖隧(sui)(sui)道,城市(shi)對舊(jiu)建筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除(chu),都會用(yong)到爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破技術(shu)。隨(sui)著經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)多,爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破引起了人們(men)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破聚能管作為一種科(ke)學(xue)技術(shu),應(ying)用(yong)很(hen)廣,但在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)無疑是重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)、常見的(de)(de)(de)(de),采礦(kuang)開(kai)山(shan),修(xiu)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)、公路(lu)(lu)用(yong)鉆爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法來開(kai)掘(jue)隧(sui)(sui)道,水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上也(ye)用(yong)一些,城市(shi)里面也(ye)使用(yong)了,拆除(chu)樓(lou)房。利(li)用(yong)炸(zha)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)大能量(liang)破壞某種物體的(de)(de)(de)(de)原結構,這(zhe)種"破壞"效果不(bu)是其他(ta)方法能代替的(de)(de)(de)(de),它雖然不(bu)是獨(du)立完成(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),但卻是一個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)序,特別是石方開(kai)挖、礦(kuang)山(shan)開(kai)采等(deng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)缺少(shao)了這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)序還不(bu)行。中國目(mu)前有發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)和公路(lu)(lu)交通網,可以想象,當初在(zai)修(xiu)這(zhe)些路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候會遇到許多高山(shan)峻嶺(ling),一座大山(shan)橫在(zai)兩地之(zhi)間(jian),想要(yao)修(xiu)路(lu)(lu),就(jiu)(jiu)必須讓這(zhe)座山(shan)消(xiao)失(shi),這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)時候聚能管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破就(jiu)(jiu)起到決定(ding)性作用(yong)了。
在建造隧道的時候,人們首先想到的個方式,就是使用爆破技術,專業多向聚能管開山挖隧道修路,常規爆破技術需要使用數以噸計的炸,炸的威力十分巨大,但是在炸完之后,空氣中全是煙塵,根本無法進入,另外常規爆破炸出來的輪廓線凹凸不平,后期常常需要工人進一步修補輪廓線才能進行下一道工序,耗時耗力,那么有沒有其他的方式比常規爆破技術更好呢?2018年3月,央視報道了一場隧道爆破對比實驗,實驗采用兩種爆破技術,滴喲中是使用炸的常規爆破技術,第二種則是國人新發明的聚能水壓光面爆破技術,隨著聲聲巨響,這場對比試驗的結果超乎所有人的意料,周口多向聚能管聚能水壓爆破(po)技術的爆炸效果(guo)更好(hao),而且爆破(po)產(chan)生的水霧能將煙塵覆蓋(gai),起到降塵的作用,這項爆破(po)新方(fang)式得到了觀(guan)眾們的認(ren)可。
不(bu)(bu)成功的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)例是有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de),如爆(bao)而不(bu)(bu)倒、實施(shi)定向爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)后沒有(you)(you)(you)按(an)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)方(fang)案的(de)(de)方(fang)向倒塌(ta)等(deng)等(deng)。這(zhe)些(xie)事(shi)(shi)例警示:從爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)、爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材質量、爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)到起爆(bao)網路連(lian)接等(deng),只要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)一個環節出(chu)現失誤,都(dou)將影響爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)效(xiao)果,乃(nai)至造(zao)成嚴重的(de)(de)后果。爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業無論是老舊建筑物(wu)(wu)本身(shen)還(huan)(huan)是周圍環境都(dou)十分(fen)復雜,這(zhe)不(bu)(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)認真調(diao)查爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)體(ti)的(de)(de)結構(包括施(shi)工(gong)缺陷),分(fen)析受力狀況,同時(shi)還(huan)(huan)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)采取技術(shu)措施(shi)(如預處理、嵌補、支撐等(deng))的(de)(de)可靠和安(an)全性(xing)進(jin)行分(fen)析,對(dui)可能出(chu)現的(de)(de)意外情(qing)況,應預先制定應急(ji)方(fang)案,努力避(bi)免安(an)全事(shi)(shi)故和不(bu)(bu)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)損(sun)失。工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)環保(bao)性(xing)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)受到人們(men)的(de)(de)關注,同時(shi),探(tan)索無公(gong)害的(de)(de)拆除爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu),一直(zhi)是爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)作(zuo)者追求(qiu)的(de)(de)目標(biao)。設(she)立掩蔽體(ti)對(dui)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)加以保(bao)護(hu),簡(jian)單的(de)(de)辦法是用草袋、竹笆(ba)一類材料覆蓋在(zai)需要(yao)(yao)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)上面;對(dui)房屋(wu)和機器(qi)設(she)備常要(yao)(yao)在(zai)迎面和頂部豎立排架,用木板或荊笆(ba)上罩鐵(tie)絲網,抵御較多(duo)的(de)(de)飛石和較強的(de)(de)空氣(qi)沖擊波(bo)的(de)(de)打擊;對(dui)某(mou)些(xie)重要(yao)(yao)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)建筑物(wu)(wu)打防震孔或者用預裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)將爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)區和被保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)建筑物(wu)(wu)或工(gong)程(cheng)設(she)施(shi)隔(ge)離開來。
在(zai)工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong),常(chang)用(yong)的起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)有(you):電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導火索(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)使(shi)雷管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸,進而(er)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)。它所(suo)需的器材有(you):電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管、導線和(he)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的連接形式,要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模(mo)、工(gong)程的重(zhong)要(yao)性、所(suo)選起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)等進行選擇,基本連接方(fang)式有(you):串聯、并聯、串并聯和(he)并串聯等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)較安(an)全、可靠、準確、高效等優(you)點,在(zai)國內外仍占有(you)較大(da)比重(zhong)。在(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong),主要(yao)仍是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是在(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的環境中(zhong)(zhong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)的起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的干擾而(er)發生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),因(yin)此在(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的環境中(zhong)(zhong),不能(neng)(neng)使(shi)用(yong)普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管。