采用一(yi)種(zhong)抗靜電阻燃的(de)(de)特(te)種(zhong)塑料管(guan)(guan)(guan)、異形雙槽(cao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，根據(ju)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深度(du)可長可短。是兩個(ge)相似(si)半壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)組成(cheng)，半壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)央有個(ge)凹(ao)進(jin)去的(de)(de)槽(cao)叫做(zuo)'聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)"，使用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)成(cheng)型效果好，開挖輪廓線(xian)平順(shun)整(zheng)齊，圍巖擾(rao)動(dong)減(jian)少、超欠挖明(ming)顯(xian)改善，有利于(yu)支護(hu)工(gong)(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，同時(shi)混凝土(tu)回填成(cheng)本大為降(jiang)低。鑿孔(kong)(kong)率(lv)減(jian)少30%，大大降(jiang)低了爆(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業工(gong)(gong)班(ban)的(de)(de)勞動(dong)量:鉆孔(kong)(kong)縮短30分鐘、少打眼(yan)(yan)、出渣量減(jian)少，降(jiang)低了材料成(cheng)本、減(jian)少工(gong)(gong)時(shi)消耗、勞動(dong)效率(lv)明(ming)顯(xian)提高，周邊眼(yan)(yan)爆(bao)破(po)成(cheng)本降(jiang)低30%以上，半眼(yan)(yan)痕保留率(lv)高達85%以上。pvc爆(bao)破(po)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)主(zhu)要應用于(yu)隧道(dao)、煤(mei)礦、鐵礦等需要進(jin)行(xing)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程。采用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)可減(jian)少鉆孔(kong)(kong)，擴大孔(kong)(kong)距，減(jian)少導爆(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)用量，減(jian)少超挖，減(jian)少噴漿，提高半孔(kong)(kong)率(lv)，既節省了成(cheng)本又提高了施(shi)工(gong)(gong)效率(lv)。

的(de)(de)軍事(shi)應用(yong)(yong)：聚(ju)能爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，早在二次世(shi)界大(da)戰期(qi)間就在軍事(shi)方面廣泛應用(yong)(yong)。國內在聚(ju)能破(po)甲技(ji)術(shu)(shu)如(ru)大(da)錐角反艦導彈(dan)戰斗部(bu)和大(da)錐角反坦克(ke)地雷以(yi)及敏(min)感彈(dan)戰斗部(bu)等方面取得(de)了較為快速的(de)(de)發展，我國20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代(dai)(dai)打破(po)國外技(ji)術(shu)(shu)封(feng)鎖獨立自主(zhu)研(yan)發成功(gong)原(yuan)子彈(dan)就是得(de)力于聚(ju)能爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)轟擊核裝置而引爆(bao)(bao)原(yuan)子彈(dan)。的(de)(de)民爆(bao)(bao)應用(yong)(yong)——切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)：聚(ju)能爆(bao)(bao)破(po)用(yong)(yong)于工程建設(she)也是20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代(dai)(dai)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)的(de)(de)，首(shou)先是瑞(rui)典的(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提出孔壁切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)利(li)用(yong)(yong)槽(cao)口應力集中定向開(kai)(kai)裂的(de)(de)設(she)想，后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是有(you)效的(de)(de)。70年(nian)代(dai)(dai)國外廣泛研(yan)究和應用(yong)(yong)了切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。

預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)的歷史(shi)與現(xian)狀：預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)沿(yan)設計(ji)開挖(wa)邊界布(bu)置密(mi)集(ji)炮(pao)孔，采(cai)取(qu)不耦合裝(zhuang)藥(yao)或裝(zhuang)填(tian)低(di)威力炸藥(yao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)爆(bao)區之前起爆(bao)，從而在(zai)(zai)(zai)爆(bao)區與保留區之間形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)，以減弱主(zhu)(zhu)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)對保留巖(yan)體的破(po)(po)(po)壞并形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)平整輪(lun)廓面(mian)的爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業。光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)沿(yan)設計(ji)開挖(wa)邊界布(bu)設密(mi)集(ji)炮(pao)孔，采(cai)用不耦合裝(zhuang)藥(yao)或裝(zhuang)填(tian)低(di)威力炸藥(yao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)爆(bao)區爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)之后(hou)起爆(bao)的以形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)平整的開挖(wa)輪(lun)廓面(mian)的爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業。爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術(shu)的發展是(shi)(shi)先出(chu)現(xian)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，然后(hou)衍生發展為預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。聚能管國內歷史(shi)與現(xian)狀，我國于1964～1965年在(zai)(zai)(zai)湖北(bei)陸水水電站施工(gong)中(zhong)做過淺(qian)孔預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)試驗，1965年鐵(tie)道部(bu)門在(zai)(zai)(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)昆鐵(tie)路建設中(zhong)開始(shi)試驗光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，1977年在(zai)(zai)(zai)西延(yan)線張家船工(gong)點(dian)，全(quan)長近200m的2000m2路塹邊坡全(quan)部(bu)采(cai)用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)后(hou)邊坡平整穩定，殘(can)留的半孔清晰可見，是(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)路建設中(zhong)采(cai)用路塹光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。

專業深孔爆破聚能管施工工藝嚴格遵循六字方針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要保證炮眼打眼質量,炮眼必須按技術要求合理布置。(2)要保證掏槽眼以及其他眼眼的打眼質量,一定要在規定位置上打眼;二淮北深孔爆破聚能管要(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼深度和(he)角度。(3)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝藥(yao)(yao)時,要(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)乳(ru)化(hua)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)在聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中(zhong)空內壁中(zhong)填(tian)充飽滿(man)不得有(you)空隙(xi)出現時以產生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)在炮(pao)眼中(zhong)裝填(tian)時,要(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)兩條(tiao)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)指向巷道輪廓線(xian)方向并且各(ge)個(ge)炮(pao)眼聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)軸線(xian)方面要(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)相互連接在隧道輪廓線(xian)上(shang)。否則成型效果不僅不好(hao),反而(er)更差(cha)。(5)保證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼堵塞質量。(6)放炮(pao)員應(ying)提前按規定(ding)裝好(hao)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao),并做好(hao)準備工作。試用(yong)范圍(wei):一級至五(wu)級圍(wei)巖的(de)(de)光面爆破工程。

聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼體(ti)、引信和支架(jia)等部分組成，其作用(yong)(yong)及對(dui)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力(li)的(de)(de)影響分述如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆破的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)爆壓越大(da)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力(li)越大(da)；為得(de)到高(gao)(gao)爆壓，需(xu)高(gao)(gao)爆速、高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)度的(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)有梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)(zha)等，裝方法有熔鑄，塑裝和壓裝多種。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)把炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)爆炸(zha)(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)成罩(zhao)體(ti)材料的(de)(de)射流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高(gao)(gao)其穿透和切(qie)割能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)材料必須滿(man)足四點要求，即(ji)可(ke)壓縮性小(xiao)、密(mi)(mi)度高(gao)(gao)、塑性和延(yan)展性好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成射流(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)不汽化(hua)。大(da)量試驗證(zheng)明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)效果好，其次為鑄鐵(tie)、鋼和陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)多種多樣，主要有軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，如圓錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半(ban)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)有用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切(qie)割屬板(ban)材的(de)(de)直(zhi)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切(qie)割管材的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)(zhong)心對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，這種球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心有球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔和球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設(she)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間(jian)同時(shi)起爆，可(ke)在(zai)空(kong)腔中(zhong)(zhong)心點獲得(de)極大(da)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)。

在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)器材(cai)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管、導線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路(lu)的(de)連接(jie)形式(shi)，要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工(gong)(gong)程的(de)重要(yao)(yao)性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)(li)等(deng)進(jin)行選擇(ze)，基本(ben)連接(jie)方(fang)式(shi)有(you)：串聯(lian)(lian)、并聯(lian)(lian)、串并聯(lian)(lian)和并串聯(lian)(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)較(jiao)安全、可(ke)靠(kao)、準確、高效等(deng)優點，在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內外(wai)仍(reng)占有(you)較(jiao)大(da)比重。在(zai)(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主要(yao)(yao)仍(reng)是用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別(bie)是在(zai)(zai)有(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)(yao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)干(gan)擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓(ya)感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環境中(zhong)，不能使用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管。