在建(jian)造隧(sui)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，人(ren)(ren)們首先想(xiang)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個方式，就是(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術，開山(shan)挖隧(sui)道修路，常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術需要使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)數以噸(dun)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威力(li)十分巨(ju)大，但是(shi)(shi)在炸(zha)(zha)完(wan)之后(hou)，空氣(qi)中全(quan)是(shi)(shi)煙塵(chen)，根(gen)本無法(fa)進入(ru)，另(ling)外常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)炸(zha)(zha)出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輪廓線凹凸不平，后(hou)期常常需要工人(ren)(ren)進一(yi)步(bu)修補輪廓線才能進行(xing)下一(yi)道工序，耗時(shi)耗力(li)，那么有(you)沒有(you)其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式比(bi)常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術更好(hao)呢？2018年3月，央視報道了一(yi)場(chang)(chang)隧(sui)道爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)對比(bi)實(shi)驗(yan)，實(shi)驗(yan)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)兩種(zhong)(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術，滴喲中是(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術，第二種(zhong)(zhong)則是(shi)(shi)國人(ren)(ren)新發(fa)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)能水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術，隨著聲聲巨(ju)響，這(zhe)場(chang)(chang)對比(bi)試驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果超乎所有(you)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)料，聚(ju)能水(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)效果更好(hao)，而(er)且爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)霧能將煙塵(chen)覆蓋，起到降塵(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，這(zhe)項爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)新方式得到了觀眾(zhong)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認可。

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)火索起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)而(er)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)的(de)(de)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導(dao)線和起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連(lian)接形(xing)式，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破規(gui)模、工程的(de)(de)重要性、所選(xuan)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等進(jin)行選(xuan)擇，基本連(lian)接方式有(you)(you)：串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、串(chuan)(chuan)并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)和并串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)(you)較安全、可(ke)靠、準(zhun)確、高效等優(you)點，在(zai)國(guo)內外仍占有(you)(you)較大(da)比(bi)重。在(zai)大(da)、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，主要仍是(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環境中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要的(de)(de)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干(gan)擾而(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)(you)雜散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境中，不能使用(yong)(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。

水壓光面爆破技術基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和爆破方式與水壓光面爆破相同，但在周邊眼中安裝專用線性聚能藥管替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，利用線性聚能藥管產生的粒子射流動能、高壓爆破氣體應力及“氣楔”作用，形成平整圓順的開挖輪廓面，對控制超欠挖具有良好效果，有效提升了隧道施工質量、進度和經濟效益。專業深孔爆破聚能管水壓光面爆破較水壓光面爆破，在周邊眼單循環火工品使用量上節約費用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節約41%，混凝土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。聚能水壓光面爆破比水壓光面爆破每循環節約費用258.4元，即每延米節約76較元，節約費用比例達32%。此外，專業深孔爆破聚能管聚能(neng)水壓光面爆(bao)破能(neng)有效降低隧道內石渣塊(kuai)度和粉塵含(han)量，還(huan)可使(shi)通風時(shi)間有效縮(suo)短(duan)33%。

各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)器材(cai)銷毀以(yi)(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)器材(cai)意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)源與人員(yuan)和其他(ta)保(bao)護對(dui)象之(zhi)間的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)取各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)效應(ying)(ying)（地(di)(di)震(zhen)、沖擊(ji)波、飛石(shi)(shi)、有(you)(you)毒氣體(ti)等(deng)）分別核定的(de)大值(zhi)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)時，必然產(chan)生(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)地(di)(di)震(zhen)、空氣沖擊(ji)波、碎(sui)石(shi)(shi)飛散及有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)氣體(ti)，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)設(she)計時必須(xu)確定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)危害(hai)(hai)(hai)范圍，并確定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附近人員(yuan)、設(she)備、建筑物及井巷等(deng)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，這一段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。如(ru)何控制好這段距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就顯的(de)尤為(wei)重要(yao)。為(wei)保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)地(di)(di)點與人員(yuan)或其他(ta)應(ying)(ying)保(bao)護對(dui)象之(zhi)間必須(xu)保(bao)持短的(de)相(xiang)隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)效應(ying)(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)增加有(you)(you)規(gui)律地(di)(di)衰減，用距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)為(wei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)尺度可限定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)效應(ying)(ying)在允許限度之(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)程》規(gui)定了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)地(di)(di)震(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，個別飛散物安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊(ji)波的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。

我國于1983年制(zhi)定了(le)《水(shui)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)行基礎(chu)開挖工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，在水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)裂爆破(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)已(yi)成為必(bi)須(xu)進行的(de)(de)保(bao)護邊(bian)坡(po)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)爆破(po)(po)開挖技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)措施(shi)。此后在此基礎(chu)上(shang)修(xiu)訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)石基礎(chu)開挖工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)在《水(shui)電(dian)水(shui)利爆破(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)(he)《水(shui)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)石基礎(chu)開挖工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)裂爆破(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)均被編入(ru)并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修(xiu)編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部(bu)也(ye)不僅規(gui)(gui)定了(le)凡是(shi)Ⅲ級(ji)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)巖(yan)石邊(bian)坡(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡(po)部(bu)位的(de)(de)爆破(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)都應采用(yong)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)或預(yu)裂爆破(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆破(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)原則和(he)(he)參數(shu)、安(an)全(quan)措施(shi)，而(er)且還明確了(le)路塹邊(bian)坡(po)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆破(po)(po)項目質(zhi)量(liang)驗(yan)收檢測數(shu)量(liang)和(he)(he)檢測方法。無疑該規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)，有力地推動(dong)和(he)(he)促進了(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在鐵(tie)路建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應用(yong)與發(fa)展。

水壓光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)在隧(sui)道(dao)掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業中(zhong)的(de)實(shi)際應(ying)用(yong)。提升(sheng)光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)水平、嚴抓隧(sui)道(dao)超挖管(guan)控進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了介(jie)紹(shao)。聚能水壓光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)藝技(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)(xing)很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)速度很(hen)快、節(jie)能環保效(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經濟效(xiao)益社會效(xiao)益很(hen)高。一(yi)是(shi)要(yao)提高對推廣該項(xiang)技(ji)術(shu)重要(yao)性(xing)(xing)和(he)必(bi)然性(xing)(xing)的(de)認識;二是(shi)要(yao)樹立必(bi)須(xu)采(cai)取聚能水壓光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)的(de)意(yi)識;三是(shi)要(yao)堅持(chi)培(pei)(pei)訓、示范、監督(du)“三位一(yi)體”;四是(shi)要(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定切實(shi)的(de)獎(jiang)懲制(zhi)(zhi)度;五是(shi)要(yao)建(jian)立檢查監督(du)機制(zhi)(zhi)，持(chi)續促(cu)進(jin)(jin)該項(xiang)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)深入(ru)(ru)推廣。在隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)現場管(guan)理(li)、科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)、人(ren)才培(pei)(pei)養、經濟效(xiao)益等方(fang)面的(de)不足(zu)。建(jian)議對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)一(yi)線(xian)基礎(chu)技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)扎(zha)實(shi)推進(jin)(jin);對新(xin)工(gong)(gong)藝、先(xian)進(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)法要(yao)深入(ru)(ru)學習鉆研;對消極懈怠(dai)、故步自封的(de)思想(xiang)要(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)(zhi)。