施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝嚴格遵循(xun)六字方(fang)針(zhen)(掛滿、貼緊、對(dui)準)：(1)要保(bao)證炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量(liang),炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)必須按技(ji)術要求(qiu)合理(li)布置。(2)要保(bao)證掏槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)以及其他(ta)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量(liang),一定要在規定位置上(shang)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan);二要保(bao)證炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深度和角度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝藥(yao)(yao)時,要保(bao)證乳化炸藥(yao)(yao)在聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中空內壁中填充(chong)飽滿不(bu)得有空隙出(chu)現時以產生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)中裝填時,要保(bao)證聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)兩條(tiao)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽指向巷(xiang)道輪廓線方(fang)向并(bing)且各個炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽軸線方(fang)面要保(bao)證相互連(lian)接(jie)在隧道輪廓線上(shang)。否(fou)則(ze)成型效(xiao)果不(bu)僅(jin)不(bu)好,反而更差。(5)保(bao)證炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)堵(du)塞質(zhi)量(liang)。(6)放(fang)炮(pao)(pao)員應提前按規定裝好聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)炸藥(yao)(yao),并(bing)做好準備工(gong)作(zuo)。試用范圍:一級(ji)至五級(ji)圍巖的(de)光(guang)面爆破工(gong)程。

我(wo)國于1983年(nian)制定了(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)巖行(xing)基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電(dian)建設(she)(she)中預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已成為(wei)必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)坡(po)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。此后(hou)在(zai)(zai)此基礎(chu)上修(xiu)(xiu)訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)巖石基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電(dian)水(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)巖石基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編(bian)入(ru)并有所改進(jin)(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修(xiu)(xiu)編(bian)為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部(bu)也不僅規(gui)(gui)定了(le)凡是(shi)Ⅲ級以(yi)上的(de)(de)巖石邊(bian)坡(po)，設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)坡(po)部(bu)位(wei)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)(ying)采用(yong)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或(huo)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)原則(ze)和(he)參數(shu)、安全(quan)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還明確了(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡(po)光面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)驗(yan)收檢測(ce)數(shu)量(liang)和(he)檢測(ce)方法。無(wu)疑該(gai)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，有力地推動(dong)和(he)促進(jin)(jin)了(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)建設(she)(she)中的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)。

我國20世紀60年代利用斷裂力學對巖石損傷引起的裂紋擴展進行過試驗研究，礦用型聚能管價格為聚能爆破技術應用到工程做了不少理論分析，也取得一些進展。80年代中期開始進行應用研究，以北京礦業學院為代表，著重研究了聚能藥包切割饑理和應用。1987年淮南礦業學院取得“雙面切割器”的zhuanli，1995年又取得“大理石花崗巖切割技術應用”zhuanli。1991年中國水電七局曾試圖采用硬質紙加工聚能藥管成形聚能藥卷做過聚能預裂爆破試驗研究，礦用型聚能管價格但終(zhong)因當時的技術及(ji)工(gong)藝水平的限制(zhi)無法用于正常施(shi)工(gong)，但是他們開了橢(tuo)圓雙極線性聚(ju)能結構試驗(yan)的先河。雙聚(ju)能預裂(lie)與光面爆破(po)綜合技術開創輪廓控制(zhi)爆破(po)新時代。

水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)，是在(zai)水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)基礎上發展起(qi)來的(de)一項新技術(shu)，其掏(tao)槽眼、輔助眼裝藥(yao)結構和爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方式(shi)與水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)相同(tong)，但在(zai)周邊眼中(zhong)安裝專用聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管裝置替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)線，利用聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管產生的(de)粒子射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)氣體應力(li)及“氣楔”作用，形(xing)成平整圓順的(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)，對控(kong)制超欠挖具(ju)有良好效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提升了隧道施工(gong)質量(liang)、進度和經濟效(xiao)益。科學(xue)合理地利用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利用效(xiao)率，對節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排(pai)也(ye)十分重要。利用聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端的(de)水平開出的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)應對巖石進行(xing)破(po)(po)碎。據專家(jia)測算，由于聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提升一個量(liang)級。