專業礦用型雙向聚能管水壓光面爆破技術，是在水壓光面爆破技術基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和爆破方式與水壓光面爆破相同，但在周邊眼中安裝專用聚能管裝置替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，利用聚能管產生的粒子射流動能、高壓爆破氣體應力及“氣楔”作用，形成平整圓順的開挖輪廓面，對控制超欠挖具有良好效果，有效提升了隧道施工質量、進度和經濟效益。鶴壁礦用型雙向聚能管科學合理地利(li)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)用效(xiao)(xiao)率，對節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排(pai)也十(shi)分重要。利(li)用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端的水(shui)平(ping)開(kai)出的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)生的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)(xiao)應對巖石進行破碎。據專家測算，由于(yu)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)生的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)切(qie)割效(xiao)(xiao)應，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)比提升(sheng)一個量級。

我(wo)國于1983年制定了(le)(le)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)(yan)行基礎(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，在(zai)(zai)(zai)水利水電建(jian)設(she)(she)中預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已成(cheng)為(wei)必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)行的(de)(de)保(bao)護邊(bian)坡(po)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開(kai)挖(wa)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。此后在(zai)(zai)(zai)此基礎(chu)上修(xiu)訂的(de)(de)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)基礎(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及在(zai)(zai)(zai)《水電水利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)基礎(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編入并有所(suo)改進(jin)(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)(zai)修(xiu)編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規(gui)定了(le)(le)凡(fan)是Ⅲ級以(yi)上的(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)邊(bian)坡(po)，設(she)(she)計邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)(zai)邊(bian)坡(po)部位(wei)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)(she)計和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)原則和參數(shu)、安(an)全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，而且還明確了(le)(le)路塹邊(bian)坡(po)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)驗(yan)收檢(jian)測數(shu)量(liang)(liang)和檢(jian)測方法。無疑(yi)該規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)，有力地推(tui)動和促進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵路建(jian)設(she)(she)中的(de)(de)應用(yong)與發展(zhan)。

水(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破是在炮(pao)孔兩(liang)(liang)端填(tian)充水(shui)袋(dai)，中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)裝(zhuang)上乳化炸，炮(pao)孔再用炮(pao)泥(ni)封死，炮(pao)孔間(jian)距很大(da)，兩(liang)(liang)個炮(pao)空之間(jian)相距了一米(mi)左右，是常規爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)炮(pao)孔間(jian)距的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)倍，這樣可以節省炮(pao)孔材料，這兩(liang)(liang)個凹槽(cao)又稱為(wei)(wei)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)非常重要(yao)，放置的(de)(de)位(wei)置和方(fang)向都十分講(jiang)究，一點也不能出(chu)錯(cuo)，在爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)瞬間(jian)，高溫(wen)高壓(ya)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能射流立即往凹槽(cao)兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)的(de)(de)巖石(shi)進(jin)行切割(ge)，巖石(shi)如同豆(dou)腐(fu)一樣輕(qing)松被(bei)(bei)切割(ge)切割(ge)出(chu)來的(de)(de)輪廓線(xian)十分平順(shun)，效果極好，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能水(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)水(shui)袋(dai)沒有降(jiang)低爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)效果，反而能保護隧道周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)植被(bei)(bei)，減少地(di)質(zhi)擾(rao)動，降(jiang)低煙塵，重要(yao)的(de)(de)是節省炸成本(ben)，在未來這項技(ji)術(shu)會廣泛應用于(yu)工程中(zhong)(zhong)，降(jiang)低施工成本(ben)。爆(bao)(bao)破聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破較水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破，在周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)眼單循環(huan)火工品使用量上節約(yue)(yue)費用8.3%，周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)眼鉆孔數量從39個下降(jiang)為(wei)(wei)23個費用節約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土(tu)噴射每延米(mi)節約(yue)(yue)1.37立方(fang)米(mi)。

光面爆(bao)(bao)破技術優(you)勢：相對(dui)于傳統爆(bao)(bao)破工藝，聚能(neng)管(guan)光面爆(bao)(bao)破比常(chang)規爆(bao)(bao)破具有以(yi)下(xia)優(you)勢∶少打眼，少裝藥(yao)。節(jie)約周邊鉆孔(kong)(kong)量50%，總鉆孔(kong)(kong)進尺減(jian)少30%；節(jie)約炸藥(yao)10～20%，雷(lei)管(guan)30%。節(jie)約噴(pen)漿料(liao)15-20%。節(jie)省(sheng)(sheng)時間∶每循環鉆孔(kong)(kong)、裝藥(yao)、噴(pen)漿時間1.5-2.0小(xiao)時。在(zai)安全方(fang)面利用(yong)水沙袋(dai)替代炮(pao)(pao)泥(ni)，以(yi)避(bi)免(mian)搗炮(pao)(pao)泥(ni)損(sun)毀(hui)電雷(lei)管(guan)導線，造成瞎(xia)炮(pao)(pao)。大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減(jian)少對(dui)圍巖擾動，光面效果好，巖性(xing)條(tiao)件差情(qing)況下(xia)可(ke)以(yi)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減(jian)少超挖量，控制巷(xiang)道(dao)成型；巖性(xing)完(wan)整無節(jie)理(li)情(qing)況下(xia)眼痕率可(ke)以(yi)達到90%以(yi)上，巷(xiang)道(dao)成型好，穩(wen)定性(xing)強(qiang)。布(bu)孔(kong)(kong)方(fang)式(shi)優(you)化成多(duo)排掏(tao)槽布(bu)孔(kong)(kong)，單(dan)次掘進深度可(ke)以(yi)優(you)化提高10%到15%不等。由于炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)數量大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減(jian)少可(ke)以(yi)考慮一起(qi)全斷(duan)面起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)，節(jie)省(sheng)(sheng)放炮(pao)(pao)時間。