是(shi)(shi)將炸(zha)藥裝在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管內，兩頭均放置了水袋(dai)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管爆(bao)炸(zha)產生的(de)(de)高溫高壓射流，讓水袋(dai)產生“水楔”效(xiao)應,使圍巖裂縫加劇延伸擴展(zhan)。它是(shi)(shi)在(zai)水壓光面爆(bao)破(po)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)發(fa)展(zhan)起來的(de)(de)一(yi)項新(xin)技術，區別只是(shi)(shi)在(zai)周邊眼中安裝專(zhuan)用(yong)線性聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥管替(ti)代常規爆(bao)破(po)藥卷和(he)傳爆(bao)線，只要做到七大(da)關鍵環節(jie)：水袋(dai)挺拔飽滿(man)、炮泥(ni)軟(ruan)硬適中、水袋(dai)裝填到底、炮泥(ni)回填到口(kou)、木棍(gun)逐節(jie)搗(dao)固、水藥緊密相連、槽面必須平行，就(jiu)能(neng)對控(kong)制超欠挖起到良好(hao)效(xiao)果(guo)。在(zai)推(tui)廣水壓爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，去年9月，水壓聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)成果(guo)上(shang)，今年更為深入地在(zai)興泉鐵(tie)路大(da)嶺(ling)隧道、牡佳鐵(tie)路麻山隧道采用(yong)了此項技術，積(ji)累了成功經(jing)驗(yan)。

水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，在周(zhou)邊(bian)眼單(dan)循(xun)環火工品使用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)上(shang)節約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊(bian)眼鉆孔數(shu)量(liang)(liang)從39個下降為23個費用(yong)(yong)節約(yue)41%，混(hun)凝土噴射每延米(mi)節約(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)比水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)每循(xun)環節約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即(ji)每延米(mi)節約(yue)76較元(yuan)，節約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)(neng)有效降低(di)隧道(dao)(dao)內石渣塊度和粉塵含量(liang)(liang)，還可使通(tong)風時間有效縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工藝技(ji)術很(hen)成熟、可操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)性很(hen)強(qiang)、材料成本很(hen)低(di)、施工速度很(hen)快、節能(neng)(neng)環保效果很(hen)顯著、經濟效益(yi)社會效益(yi)很(hen)高。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術是(shi)(shi)近(jin)幾年(nian)發展起來的一(yi)項(xiang)掘進新(xin)技(ji)術,這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術與傳統的光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術有一(yi)定的差別(bie),聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)原理是(shi)(shi)在巷道(dao)(dao)周(zhou)邊(bian)眼中(zhong),將炸裝(zhuang)在聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管中(zhong)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)時利(li)用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),以減少(shao)裂(lie)隙的數(shu)量(liang)(liang)和控制優勢裂(lie)隙的發展方向。

我國于1983年制定了《水工建筑物巖行基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，多向聚能管廠家在水利水電建設中預裂爆破與光面爆破已成為必須進行的保護邊坡質量的爆破開挖技術措施。此后在此基礎上修訂的《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水電水利爆破工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂爆破與光面爆破均被編入并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖石邊坡，設計邊坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，專用多向聚能管在邊坡(po)部位(wei)的(de)爆(bao)破(po)設(she)計(ji)(ji)和(he)施(shi)工都(dou)應采用(yong)光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)或(huo)預裂爆(bao)破(po)，并闡述了(le)光(guang)面(預裂)爆(bao)破(po)施(shi)工技(ji)術(shu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)原則和(he)參數(shu)(shu)、安(an)全措(cuo)施(shi)，而且還(huan)明確了(le)路塹邊坡(po)光(guang)面(預裂)爆(bao)破(po)項目(mu)質量驗收(shou)檢測數(shu)(shu)量和(he)檢測方法。無疑該規(gui)程的(de)實施(shi)，有力地推動和(he)促進了(le)光(guang)面(預裂)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)在鐵路建設(she)中的(de)應用(yong)與發展。

在工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，常用(yong)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使雷(lei)(lei)(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)(suo)需的器材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)管、導線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的連接(jie)形式(shi)(shi)，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程的重要(yao)性、所(suo)(suo)選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力等(deng)進行選(xuan)擇(ze)，基本連接(jie)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)有(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)較安全、可靠、準(zhun)確(que)、高效等(deng)優(you)點，在國內外仍(reng)占有(you)較大(da)(da)比重。在大(da)(da)、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，主(zhu)要(yao)仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是(shi)(shi)在有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的環境中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)的環境中，不能(neng)使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)管。

的軍(jun)事應(ying)用(yong)(yong)：聚能爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)，早在二次(ci)世界大戰(zhan)(zhan)期(qi)間就在軍(jun)事方面(mian)廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。國內在聚能破(po)甲(jia)技術(shu)如大錐角反艦導彈(dan)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)部和大錐角反坦克(ke)地雷以(yi)及(ji)敏感彈(dan)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)部等方面(mian)取(qu)得(de)了(le)較(jiao)為(wei)快速的發(fa)展，我國20世紀60年(nian)代(dai)(dai)打破(po)國外技術(shu)封鎖獨立自主研發(fa)成(cheng)功原(yuan)子(zi)彈(dan)就是(shi)得(de)力于聚能爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)轟(hong)擊核裝置而引爆(bao)原(yuan)子(zi)彈(dan)。的民爆(bao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)——切槽爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)：聚能爆(bao)破(po)用(yong)(yong)于工程建(jian)設(she)也(ye)是(shi)20世紀60年(nian)代(dai)(dai)開始的，首先是(shi)瑞典(dian)的U﹒Langefors提出孔壁切槽爆(bao)破(po)利用(yong)(yong)槽口應(ying)力集(ji)中定向開裂的設(she)想，后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是(shi)有效(xiao)的。70年(nian)代(dai)(dai)國外廣(guang)泛研究和應(ying)用(yong)(yong)了(le)切槽爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)。