我國于1983年制定(ding)了《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)行基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此(ci)，在水(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為必須進行的(de)保護邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)質量(liang)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)挖技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在此(ci)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上修訂的(de)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及(ji)在《水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均(jun)被(bei)編(bian)入并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編(bian)為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部也不僅(jin)規(gui)定(ding)了凡(fan)是Ⅲ級(ji)以(yi)上的(de)巖(yan)(yan)石邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡述了光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)計(ji)的(de)原則和(he)參數、安全(quan)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)且還明(ming)確了路塹邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目質量(liang)驗收檢測(ce)數量(liang)和(he)檢測(ce)方(fang)法。無疑(yi)該規(gui)程(cheng)的(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，有力地推動(dong)和(he)促進了光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)應(ying)用與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)。

專業o型聚能管光面爆破技術優勢：相對于傳統爆破工藝，聚能管光面爆破比常規爆破具有以下優勢∶少打眼，少裝藥。節約周邊鉆孔量50%，總鉆孔進尺減少30%；節約炸藥10～20%，雷管30%。節約噴漿料15-20%。節省時間∶每循環鉆孔、裝藥、噴漿時間1.5-2.0小時。o型聚能管公司在(zai)安(an)全方面利用(yong)水沙袋替代炮(pao)泥，以(yi)避免搗炮(pao)泥損毀(hui)電雷(lei)管導線，造成瞎炮(pao)。大大減少對圍巖擾動，光(guang)面效果(guo)好，巖性條(tiao)件差情況(kuang)下(xia)可以(yi)大大減少超(chao)挖(wa)量(liang)，控制巷道(dao)成型；巖性完整無節理情況(kuang)下(xia)眼痕率可以(yi)達(da)到(dao)90%以(yi)上，巷道(dao)成型好，穩定性強。布(bu)孔(kong)(kong)方式優(you)化(hua)(hua)成多排掏槽布(bu)孔(kong)(kong)，單次(ci)掘進深度(du)可以(yi)優(you)化(hua)(hua)提高10%到(dao)15%不等(deng)。由(you)于炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)數量(liang)大大減少可以(yi)考慮一起全斷面起爆，節省(sheng)放炮(pao)時間。

水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在隧道(dao)掘進作(zuo)業中(zhong)的實際應(ying)用。提升光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)水平、嚴抓隧道(dao)超挖管控進行了(le)介(jie)紹。聚能(neng)水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操作(zuo)性很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低(di)、施工(gong)(gong)速度(du)很(hen)快(kuai)、節能(neng)環保效(xiao)(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益社會效(xiao)(xiao)益很(hen)高(gao)。一(yi)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)提高(gao)對(dui)(dui)推(tui)(tui)廣該(gai)項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性和必然(ran)性的認識(shi);二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)樹立必須采取聚能(neng)水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)的意識(shi);三是(shi)要(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)培訓、示(shi)范、監(jian)督“三位一(yi)體”;四是(shi)要(yao)(yao)制定(ding)切實的獎懲制度(du);五是(shi)要(yao)(yao)建立檢查監(jian)督機制，持(chi)續促進該(gai)項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的深(shen)入推(tui)(tui)廣。在隧道(dao)施工(gong)(gong)的現場管理、科技(ji)(ji)創新、人才培養、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益等方面(mian)的不足(zu)。建議對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)一(yi)線基(ji)礎(chu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)扎(zha)實推(tui)(tui)進;對(dui)(dui)新工(gong)(gong)藝、先(xian)進工(gong)(gong)法要(yao)(yao)深(shen)入學習鉆研;對(dui)(dui)消極懈怠、故步自封的思想要(yao)(yao)堅(jian)決(jue)抵制。

一(yi)、查(cha)驗(yan)(yan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)：1、經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)年年審的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法人(ren)(ren)營業(ye)執(zhi)照：一(yi)般情況下，個(ge)(ge)體工商戶、個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)獨資(zi)(zi)企業(ye)注冊資(zi)(zi)金低(di)于人(ren)(ren)民(min)幣五十(shi)萬元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即可認(ren)(ren)定(ding)為(wei)家(jia)庭作坊式廠家(jia)。2、具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)一(yi)般納稅(shui)人(ren)(ren)資(zi)(zi)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稅(shui)務(wu)登記證(zheng)：企業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)年度(du)銷售額達到(dao)或超(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)定(ding)金額（以(yi)稅(shui)務(wu)發票開具(ju)(ju)數(shu)額為(wei)準）并經(jing)(jing)主管(guan)稅(shui)務(wu)機(ji)關核準、具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開票場所(suo)、專職會計及(ji)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦稅(shui)機(ji)具(ju)(ju)才能升(sheng)級為(wei)一(yi)般納稅(shui)人(ren)(ren)企業(ye)。3、經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)年年審的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)機(ji)構代碼證(zheng)：組織(zhi)機(ji)構代碼證(zheng)是中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)境(jing)內始(shi)終不變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法定(ding)代碼標識，未經(jing)(jing)年度(du)審驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，可視為(wei)非法機(ji)構。4、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)強(qiang)制(zhi)性產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)證(zheng)書：一(yi)般情況下，所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜生產(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)只要生產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)強(qiang)制(zhi)性產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)范圍內產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必須通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)強(qiang)制(zhi)性產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)（CCC）。依基本常識判(pan)斷，既然單位名(ming)稱為(wei)“xxx電(dian)線(xian)廠”“xxx線(xian)纜廠”，其產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)未通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)或從未通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)強(qiang)制(zhi)性產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)，證(zheng)明其硬件(jian)(jian)、軟件(jian)(jian)設(she)施及(ji)人(ren)(ren)員配備(bei)(bei)根本達不到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)合(he)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜生產(chan)(chan)(chan)廠家(jia)應具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)(jian)。5、國(guo)(guo)際(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)體系(xi)(xi)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)證(zheng)書：ISO國(guo)(guo)際(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)體系(xi)(xi)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)是一(yi)個(ge)(ge)企業(ye)整體素質(zhi)(zhi)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理水(shui)平(ping)以(yi)及(ji)服務(wu)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志。6、開戶許可證(zheng)。