是由管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、前(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽、后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵構成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)為塑性(xing)材料制成(cheng)，呈管(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)正常炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度可(ke)(ke)隨爆破需要生(sheng)產，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)各有外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺紋(wen)，兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺紋(wen)間有一(yi)縱(zong)向(xiang)切(qie)縫，切(qie)縫間等距有加(jia)強筋，前(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽呈傘狀，傘形(xing)(xing)尖有一(yi)光孔，兩(liang)側直(zhi)壁內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)(duan)螺紋(wen)配合(he)，帽體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵為一(yi)封(feng)蓋，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致(zhi)，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)(hou)端(duan)(duan)螺紋(wen)配合(he)。可(ke)(ke)根據炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼深度采用合(he)適(shi)的聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，不需其他工具幫助送入炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼，切(qie)縫方向(xiang)準確(que)，兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)的前(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)帽和后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)(ge)堵外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致(zhi)，保證聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)同心(xin)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確(que)。且利(li)于(yu)(yu)工業化生(sheng)產，作業安全

舟山c型聚能管發揮巨大效力的關鍵又在其上面的“聚能槽”上。項目部目前采用的聚能管有兩個“聚能槽”，通過這兩個聚能槽的作用讓爆炸的威力在隧道中切割出十分平順的輪廓線，的控制了爆破量，有效管控了超挖欠挖的現象。為了進一步嚴格控制開挖輪廓，達到提高光面爆破效果的目的，并研究出了聚能管上兩個“聚能槽”變為三個“聚能槽”的發明設計，目前，c型聚能管廠家該(gai)發(fa)明設(she)計已經(jing)(jing)進(jin)入到了(le)試生產階段(duan)。未來，三(san)“聚(ju)能槽”設(she)計的(de)(de)聚(ju)能水壓爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術將推動中(zhong)鐵(tie)十(shi)四(si)(si)局(ju)四(si)(si)公司張吉懷鐵(tie)路項目部施工開展邁上一(yi)個新的(de)(de)臺階，給項目部帶來巨大的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟效益(yi)。工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術經(jing)(jing)過幾十(shi)年的(de)(de)發(fa)展，已經(jing)(jing)滲透到經(jing)(jing)濟建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)眾多領(ling)域，特(te)別為中(zhong)國的(de)(de)鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)、礦山開采、城市拆舊(jiu)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)等做(zuo)出了(le)重要貢獻。

水(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破是(shi)在炮孔(kong)兩端填充水(shui)袋(dai)，中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)裝上乳化(hua)炸，炮孔(kong)再用(yong)(yong)炮泥(ni)封(feng)死，炮孔(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju)很大(da)，兩個炮空之間(jian)(jian)(jian)相距(ju)了一(yi)米(mi)左右，是(shi)常(chang)(chang)規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)炮孔(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju)的(de)(de)(de)兩倍，這(zhe)(zhe)樣可以節(jie)省炮孔(kong)材(cai)料，這(zhe)(zhe)兩個凹(ao)槽又稱為(wei)聚(ju)能(neng)槽，聚(ju)能(neng)槽非常(chang)(chang)重(zhong)要，放置的(de)(de)(de)位置和方向(xiang)都十分講究，一(yi)點也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)出錯(cuo)，在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)瞬(shun)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓聚(ju)能(neng)射(she)流(liu)立即往(wang)凹(ao)槽兩邊的(de)(de)(de)巖石(shi)進行切(qie)割，巖石(shi)如同豆腐一(yi)樣輕松(song)被切(qie)割切(qie)割出來的(de)(de)(de)輪廓線十分平(ping)順，效(xiao)果極(ji)好，聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)袋(dai)沒有降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果，反而能(neng)保護隧(sui)道周(zhou)邊植被，減(jian)少地質擾動，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低煙塵，重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)節(jie)省炸成(cheng)本，在未來這(zhe)(zhe)項技術會廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)于工(gong)程中(zhong)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低施工(gong)成(cheng)本。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破聚(ju)能(neng)管水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破較水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破，在周(zhou)邊眼單循環火工(gong)品(pin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量上節(jie)約費用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊眼鉆孔(kong)數量從39個下降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)23個費用(yong)(yong)節(jie)約41%，混凝土噴射(she)每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)約1.37立方米(mi)。

光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術優勢：相對于傳統爆(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)藝，聚能(neng)管(guan)光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)比常規爆(bao)破(po)(po)具(ju)有以(yi)下(xia)優勢∶少打眼(yan)，少裝藥(yao)。節(jie)約(yue)(yue)周(zhou)邊(bian)鉆孔量50%，總(zong)鉆孔進(jin)尺減少30%；節(jie)約(yue)(yue)炸(zha)藥(yao)10～20%，雷管(guan)30%。節(jie)約(yue)(yue)噴漿料15-20%。節(jie)省時間(jian)∶每循(xun)環鉆孔、裝藥(yao)、噴漿時間(jian)1.5-2.0小(xiao)時。在(zai)安全(quan)(quan)方面利用水沙袋替(ti)代炮(pao)泥(ni)，以(yi)避免搗炮(pao)泥(ni)損(sun)毀電雷管(guan)導線，造成瞎炮(pao)。大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)減少對圍巖擾動，光(guang)面效(xiao)果好，巖性條件差(cha)情況下(xia)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)減少超(chao)挖(wa)量，控制(zhi)巷道成型；巖性完整無節(jie)理情況下(xia)眼(yan)痕(hen)率可(ke)(ke)以(yi)達到(dao)(dao)90%以(yi)上(shang)，巷道成型好，穩定性強(qiang)。布孔方式優化(hua)成多排掏槽(cao)布孔，單(dan)次(ci)掘進(jin)深度(du)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)優化(hua)提高10%到(dao)(dao)15%不等。由于炮(pao)孔數量大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)減少可(ke)(ke)以(yi)考慮一(yi)起全(quan)(quan)斷面起爆(bao)，節(jie)省放炮(pao)時間(jian)。

水(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)掘進作業中的實際應用。提升光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)平、嚴(yan)抓隧(sui)道(dao)超挖管控進行了介紹。聚能水(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)藝(yi)技術很(hen)(hen)成熟、可操作性很(hen)(hen)強(qiang)、材(cai)料(liao)成本(ben)很(hen)(hen)低、施(shi)工(gong)速度很(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)能環保效(xiao)果(guo)很(hen)(hen)顯著、經濟效(xiao)益(yi)社(she)會效(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)(hen)高。一(yi)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)提高對推廣(guang)該(gai)項技術重要(yao)(yao)性和必然性的認(ren)識;二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)樹(shu)立必須采取(qu)聚能水(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)的意(yi)識;三(san)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)堅持培訓、示范、監(jian)督“三(san)位一(yi)體”;四是(shi)要(yao)(yao)制定切實的獎懲制度;五是(shi)要(yao)(yao)建(jian)立檢查監(jian)督機(ji)制，持續促進該(gai)項技術的深入推廣(guang)。在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)的現場管理、科技創新、人才培養(yang)、經濟效(xiao)益(yi)等方面(mian)(mian)的不足。建(jian)議(yi)對施(shi)工(gong)一(yi)線(xian)基礎技術工(gong)作扎(zha)實推進;對新工(gong)藝(yi)、先進工(gong)法要(yao)(yao)深入學(xue)習(xi)鉆研(yan);對消極懈怠、故(gu)步自(zi)封的思(si)想要(yao)(yao)堅決抵(di)制。