在(zai)鐵(tie)路、礦(kuang)山(shan)、水庫(ku)等大(da)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中，爆破(po)技術的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)很關(guan)鍵很重要(yao)(yao)。采(cai)礦(kuang)修(xiu)路的(de)(de)開(kai)山(shan)挖(wa)隧道，城市(shi)對舊建(jian)筑物(wu)的(de)(de)拆除(chu)，都(dou)會用(yong)到(dao)爆破(po)技術。隨(sui)著經濟(ji)的(de)(de)發展、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設的(de)(de)增(zeng)多(duo)(duo)，爆破(po)引起了(le)(le)人們(men)更多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)關(guan)注。爆破(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管作(zuo)為一種科學技術，應(ying)用(yong)很廣，但在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上(shang)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)無疑(yi)是重要(yao)(yao)、常見的(de)(de)，采(cai)礦(kuang)開(kai)山(shan)，修(xiu)鐵(tie)路、公路用(yong)鉆爆法來開(kai)掘(jue)隧道，水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上(shang)也用(yong)一些，城市(shi)里面(mian)也使用(yong)了(le)(le)，拆除(chu)樓房。利用(yong)炸爆炸產生的(de)(de)巨(ju)大(da)能(neng)(neng)量破(po)壞(huai)某種物(wu)體的(de)(de)原結構，這(zhe)(zhe)種"破(po)壞(huai)"效果(guo)不是其(qi)他(ta)方法能(neng)(neng)代替的(de)(de)，它(ta)雖然不是獨立完成一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，但卻是一個(ge)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)序，特(te)別(bie)是石方開(kai)挖(wa)、礦(kuang)山(shan)開(kai)采(cai)等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)缺少(shao)了(le)(le)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)序還(huan)不行。中國目前(qian)有(you)發達的(de)(de)鐵(tie)路和(he)公路交通網，可以想象(xiang)，當初在(zai)修(xiu)這(zhe)(zhe)些路的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候會遇到(dao)許多(duo)(duo)高山(shan)峻嶺，一座(zuo)大(da)山(shan)橫(heng)在(zai)兩地之間(jian)，想要(yao)(yao)修(xiu)路，就必須(xu)讓(rang)這(zhe)(zhe)座(zuo)山(shan)消失(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)時(shi)(shi)候聚能(neng)(neng)管爆破(po)就起到(dao)決定性作(zuo)用(yong)了(le)(le)。

的(de)(de)軍(jun)事應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：聚(ju)(ju)能爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，早在(zai)二次世(shi)(shi)界大戰(zhan)期間(jian)就在(zai)軍(jun)事方(fang)面(mian)廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。國內在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)甲技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)如大錐(zhui)角反艦導彈(dan)戰(zhan)斗(dou)部和大錐(zhui)角反坦克地雷(lei)以及敏感彈(dan)戰(zhan)斗(dou)部等方(fang)面(mian)取得(de)了較為快速的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，我國20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)60年(nian)代打破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)國外技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)封鎖獨立自主研(yan)發(fa)成功原(yuan)子彈(dan)就是(shi)(shi)得(de)力于聚(ju)(ju)能爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)轟擊核裝置而引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)原(yuan)子彈(dan)。的(de)(de)民爆(bao)(bao)(bao)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)——切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)：聚(ju)(ju)能爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于工程(cheng)建設(she)也是(shi)(shi)20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)60年(nian)代開始的(de)(de)，首(shou)先是(shi)(shi)瑞(rui)典的(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提出孔壁切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)槽(cao)口(kou)應(ying)(ying)力集(ji)中定向開裂(lie)的(de)(de)設(she)想(xiang)，后(hou)經(jing)W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是(shi)(shi)有效的(de)(de)。70年(nian)代國外廣泛研(yan)究和應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板、殼(ke)體、引(yin)信和(he)支架等(deng)部分組成，其(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)及對聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力的(de)影響分述如下(xia)。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆破(po)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)爆壓越(yue)(yue)大(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力越(yue)(yue)大(da)；為(wei)得(de)到高爆壓，需(xu)高爆速、高密度(du)的(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)等(deng)，裝方法有(you)熔鑄，塑(su)裝和(he)壓裝多種(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)把炸(zha)(zha)的(de)爆炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化成罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材料的(de)射流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提(ti)高其(qi)穿透和(he)切割(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)材料必(bi)須滿足(zu)四點要求，即(ji)可壓縮性小、密度(du)高、塑(su)性和(he)延展性好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)成射流(liu)中不汽(qi)化。大(da)量試(shi)驗證明，用(yong)(yong)(yong)紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其(qi)次為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)陶(tao)瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)形(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣，主要有(you)軸對稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，如圓錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面(mian)對稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)有(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)切割(ge)屬板材的(de)直(zhi)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)切割(ge)管材的(de)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)；中心(xin)(xin)對稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中心(xin)(xin)有(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外(wai)敷設炸(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同(tong)時起爆，可在(zai)空腔中心(xin)(xin)點獲(huo)得(de)極(ji)大(da)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中。在(zai)工程中常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)軸對稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和(he)面(mian)對稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

是由(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)構成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)為塑(su)性材料(liao)制成，呈(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小于正常(chang)炮(pao)眼(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度可隨爆破需要生產(chan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)各有(you)(you)(you)外(wai)螺(luo)紋，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)外(wai)螺(luo)紋間有(you)(you)(you)一縱(zong)向(xiang)切(qie)縫，切(qie)縫間等距有(you)(you)(you)加強筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈(cheng)傘狀，傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)尖有(you)(you)(you)一光孔，兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)直(zhi)壁內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)螺(luo)紋，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)螺(luo)紋配(pei)合，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)為一封蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一致(zhi)，后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)螺(luo)紋，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)端(duan)螺(luo)紋配(pei)合。可根(gen)據炮(pao)眼(yan)深度采用合適的(de)聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，不需其(qi)他工(gong)具幫助(zhu)送入炮(pao)眼(yan)，切(qie)縫方向(xiang)準確，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)的(de)前(qian)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)眼(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一致(zhi)，保(bao)證聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)向(xiang)準確。且利于工(gong)業(ye)化生產(chan)，作業(ye)安全

水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)基礎上發展起來(lai)的一項新技(ji)術(shu)，其掏(tao)槽眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝(zhuang)藥結(jie)構和(he)(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)方(fang)式與水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)相同，但在周邊(bian)眼(yan)中安裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)線性(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)藥卷和(he)(he)(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)線，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)線性(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥管產生的粒(li)子射(she)流動(dong)能(neng)(neng)、高壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)氣體應力及“氣楔(xie)”作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，形成平整圓順的開挖輪(lun)廓面(mian)，對控制超欠挖具有(you)(you)良好效果(guo)，有(you)(you)效提升了隧道施工質量、進(jin)度和(he)(he)(he)經濟效益。水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在周邊(bian)眼(yan)單循(xun)環(huan)(huan)火(huo)工品使用(yong)(yong)(yong)量上節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼(yan)鉆孔數量從(cong)39個下降為23個費用(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝(ning)土噴(pen)射(she)每延米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方(fang)米。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每循(xun)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)258.4元，即(ji)每延米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較(jiao)(jiao)元，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此(ci)外，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)效降低隧道內石渣塊度和(he)(he)(he)粉塵含量，還可使通(tong)風(feng)時(shi)間(jian)有(you)(you)效縮短33%。

專業礦用型雙向聚能管采用一種抗靜電阻燃的特種塑料管、異形雙槽聚能管，根據炮眼深度可長可短。寧波礦用型雙向聚能管是兩(liang)個相似(si)半(ban)壁管(guan)組成(cheng)，半(ban)壁管(guan)中(zhong)央(yang)有個凹進去的(de)槽叫做'聚(ju)(ju)能槽"，使用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)成(cheng)型效(xiao)果好，開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)輪廓線平順整齊(qi)，圍巖擾動減(jian)少(shao)(shao)、超欠挖(wa)(wa)明(ming)顯改善，有利于支護工序施工，同時混凝土回填成(cheng)本(ben)大(da)(da)為降低。鑿孔率(lv)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)30%，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降低了爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業工班的(de)勞動量:鉆孔縮短30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)打(da)眼、出渣(zha)量減(jian)少(shao)(shao)，降低了材料(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)、減(jian)少(shao)(shao)工時消耗、勞動效(xiao)率(lv)明(ming)顯提高，周邊眼爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)成(cheng)本(ben)降低30%以上，半(ban)眼痕保(bao)留(liu)率(lv)高達85%以上。pvc爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)主要應用(yong)于隧道、煤礦、鐵礦等需要進行光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施工的(de)工程。采用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)的(de)光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)鉆孔，擴大(da)(da)孔距，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)導(dao)爆(bao)管(guan)用(yong)量，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)超挖(wa)(wa)，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)噴漿，提高半(ban)孔率(lv)，既節省了成(cheng)本(ben)又提高了施工效(xiao)率(lv)。