施工工藝(yi)嚴格遵循六字(zi)方針(掛(gua)滿、貼緊(jin)、對(dui)準(zhun)):(1)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)打眼(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量,炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)必須(xu)按技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)求合理布(bu)置(zhi)。(2)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)以(yi)及其他眼(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)的(de)打眼(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量,一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)(yao)在(zai)規定位(wei)置(zhi)上打眼(yan)(yan);二要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深度和角度。(3)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管裝藥(yao)時,要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)乳化炸藥(yao)在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管中(zhong)空內壁(bi)中(zhong)填充(chong)飽滿不(bu)得有空隙(xi)出現時以(yi)產生拒(ju)爆。(4)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管在(zai)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)中(zhong)裝填時,要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管的(de)兩條聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽指向巷道(dao)輪廓線(xian)方向并(bing)且(qie)各(ge)個炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽軸線(xian)方面要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)相互連接在(zai)隧道(dao)輪廓線(xian)上。否則成型效果不(bu)僅(jin)不(bu)好,反(fan)而更(geng)差。(5)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)堵(du)塞質(zhi)量。(6)放炮(pao)員應提(ti)前按規定裝好聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管的(de)炸藥(yao),并(bing)做好準(zhun)備工作。試(shi)用范(fan)圍(wei):一(yi)(yi)級至五(wu)級圍(wei)巖(yan)的(de)光面爆破(po)工程。
雙向爆破聚能管公司對于爆破作業安全技術的研究,是從兩個方面去考慮的,一方面是炸和起爆器材以及對其爆炸所造成的破壞作用進行限制的安全技術,這是主動的。另一個方面是對爆破所產生的危害采取的防護措施,這是被動的一個方面。兩者對阻止爆破帶來的破壞性有同樣的重要性,但在具體的爆破工程中,則常常會有變化不定的現象和后果,因此,必須對每一項工程破壞的具體情況作細致的分析研究,從而采取適當的對策。同時,雙向爆破聚能管公司雖然技(ji)術不斷(duan)取得(de)進步,須在(zai)操作(zuo)過(guo)程中注意每個工序,按(an)照安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)程認真作(zuo)業。只要(yao)嚴格遵守(shou)安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)程、正確地采(cai)取安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)術措(cuo)施和防護措(cuo)施,任何規(gui)模、任何種類的(de)爆破(po)是可以確保安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)。一些安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)條文(wen)是有經驗(yan)教訓(xun)和理論根據的(de),有的(de)甚至是血的(de)教訓(xun)的(de)總結,所以一定(ding)要(yao)克服麻痹思(si)想,嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)定(ding),決不能以沒出過(guo)事故而輕率地"突破(po)"規(gui)定(ding)的(de)"框(kuang)框(kuang)"。
聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能包由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔板(ban)(ban)、殼體、引(yin)信(xin)和支架(jia)等部分(fen)組成(cheng)(cheng),其作用(yong)(yong)及對(dui)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能包威(wei)力的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)分(fen)述如下。1.炸(zha),炸(zha)是聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管爆破(po)的(de)(de)(de)能源,炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆壓(ya)(ya)越大(da),聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能彈威(wei)力越大(da);為(wei)得到高(gao)(gao)爆壓(ya)(ya),需高(gao)(gao)爆速、高(gao)(gao)密度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)等,裝方法有(you)熔(rong)鑄(zhu),塑裝和壓(ya)(ya)裝多種(zhong)(zhong)。2.型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao),型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是把炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆炸(zha)能轉化成(cheng)(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)體材料的(de)(de)(de)射(she)流動能,從而提(ti)高(gao)(gao)其穿透和切(qie)割(ge)能力。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)材料必須滿足四點要(yao)求,即可(ke)壓(ya)(ya)縮性小、密度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)、塑性和延展性好(hao),在(zai)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)射(she)流中不汽(qi)化。大(da)量(liang)試驗證明,用(yong)(yong)紫(zi)銅(tong)制(zhi)作型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效果好(hao),其次為(wei)鑄(zhu)鐵、鋼和陶瓷(ci)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)(zhong)多樣,主要(yao)有(you)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),如圓錐形(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)和喇叭(ba)形(xing)(xing)等;面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割(ge)屬(shu)板(ban)(ban)材的(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)和用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割(ge)管材的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能罩(zhao)(zhao)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong);中心對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能包,中心有(you)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)空腔和球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao),球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷設(she)炸(zha),若能在(zai)瞬間(jian)同時起爆,可(ke)在(zai)空腔中心點獲得極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)集中。在(zai)工程中常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是軸對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩(liang)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。
聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)碎(sui)法(fa)特(te)點是(shi):不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan),因而不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)購買打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)設備和(he)(he)(he)動力設備;施工簡單,施工進度(du)比(bi)淺眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆破(po)(po)法(fa)快安(an)全(quan)性(xing)比(bi)普通淺眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆破(po)(po)法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)普通裸(luo)露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)好;勞動強度(du)比(bi)淺眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆破(po)(po)法(fa)低(di)。制造聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)所采用(yong)的炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑索金和(he)(he)(he)梯恩梯混合熔鑄(zhu)型(xing);乳化油炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)(he)黑索金混裝(zhuang)型(xing)和(he)(he)(he)二號巖石硝鉸炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制型(xing)。根(gen)據使用(yong)的結果證明,選(xuan)用(yong)密(mi)度(du)較(jiao)大(da)和(he)(he)(he)爆速(su)較(jiao)高的炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制造聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)獲得較(jiao)好的破(po)(po)碎(sui)效(xiao)果。這主要(yao)是(shi)由(you)于它加工簡單和(he)(he)(he)破(po)(po)碎(sui)能(neng)力較(jiao)大(da)。在(zai)(zai)礦山(shan)由(you)于二次破(po)(po)碎(sui)消(xiao)耗的藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)較(jiao)多,而且金屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)罩的加工費工又(you)費材料,所以(yi)多不(bu)采用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)罩。國內生產的一種(zhong)用(yong)于破(po)(po)碎(sui)大(da)塊的聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao),裝(zhuang)置聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)時(shi),要(yao)將藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)垂直裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)大(da)塊的頂(ding)面(mian)上(shang),聚(ju)能(neng)穴朝下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)位(wei)置應選(xuan)在(zai)(zai)頂(ding)面(mian)的幾(ji)何(he)中心或附近較(jiao)平(ping)整的地點。然后(hou)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)面(mian)覆蓋泥沙。