不(bu)成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)例(li)是(shi)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如爆而(er)不(bu)倒(dao)、實施(shi)(shi)定向爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)后沒有(you)(you)按爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)方案的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向倒(dao)塌(ta)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。這(zhe)些(xie)事(shi)例(li)警示(shi):從爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設計、爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器材(cai)質(zhi)量、爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)到起爆網路連接等(deng)(deng)，只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)一個環(huan)(huan)節出(chu)現失(shi)誤，都將影響爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果，乃至造成嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果。爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業(ye)無論是(shi)老舊(jiu)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)本身(shen)還是(shi)周圍環(huan)(huan)境都十分復雜(za)，這(zhe)不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)求認真調(diao)查爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)(包括(kuo)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)缺陷(xian))，分析(xi)受力(li)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)，同時還要(yao)(yao)對(dui)采取技術措施(shi)(shi)(如預處(chu)理、嵌補、支撐等(deng)(deng))的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠和安(an)全性(xing)進行(xing)分析(xi)，對(dui)可(ke)能出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)意外情況(kuang)，應預先(xian)制定應急方案，努(nu)力(li)避免(mian)安(an)全事(shi)故和不(bu)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)。工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)性(xing)越來越受到人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)關注，同時，探索無公害的(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技術，一直(zhi)是(shi)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)工(gong)作(zuo)者(zhe)追求的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標。設立掩蔽體對(dui)物(wu)(wu)體加以保(bao)護(hu)，簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法是(shi)用草袋、竹(zhu)笆一類(lei)材(cai)料覆蓋在(zai)需要(yao)(yao)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體上面;對(dui)房屋和機器設備常要(yao)(yao)在(zai)迎面和頂部豎立排架，用木板(ban)或荊笆上罩鐵絲網，抵御較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)飛石和較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣沖擊波(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)打擊;對(dui)某些(xie)重要(yao)(yao)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)打防震孔或者(zhe)用預裂爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)將爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)區(qu)和被保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)或工(gong)程(cheng)設施(shi)(shi)隔離開(kai)來。

我國于1983年制定了《水工建筑物巖行基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，深孔爆破多向聚能管公司在水利水電建設中預裂爆破與光面爆破已成為必須進行的保護邊坡質量的爆破開挖技術措施。此后在此基礎上修訂的《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水電水利爆破工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂爆破與光面爆破均被編入并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖石邊坡，設計邊坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，專業深孔爆破多向聚能管在邊(bian)坡部位的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設計和施工(gong)都應采用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡述(shu)了光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施工(gong)技術設計的(de)原則和參數、安全(quan)措(cuo)施，而且還明確了路塹邊(bian)坡光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項(xiang)目質(zhi)量驗收檢(jian)測(ce)數量和檢(jian)測(ce)方法。無(wu)疑該規程的(de)實施，有力地(di)推動(dong)和促進(jin)了光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術在鐵路建設中的(de)應用(yong)與發展。

采(cai)用一種(zhong)抗(kang)靜電阻燃的特(te)種(zhong)塑料管(guan)、異形雙槽(cao)(cao)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)，根據炮(pao)眼深度可長可短(duan)。是兩個相似半(ban)壁管(guan)組成(cheng)(cheng)，半(ban)壁管(guan)中央(yang)有(you)個凹進(jin)去的槽(cao)(cao)叫做'聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)(cao)"，使用聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破成(cheng)(cheng)型效果(guo)好，開挖輪廓線平(ping)順整齊，圍巖(yan)擾動(dong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)、超(chao)欠(qian)挖明顯(xian)改(gai)善，有(you)利(li)于支護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，同時(shi)混(hun)凝(ning)土回填成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)大(da)為降(jiang)低(di)。鑿孔(kong)(kong)率減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)破作業工(gong)(gong)(gong)班的勞動(dong)量:鉆孔(kong)(kong)縮短(duan)30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)打眼、出渣(zha)量減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)材料成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)消耗、勞動(dong)效率明顯(xian)提(ti)高，周(zhou)邊眼爆(bao)(bao)破成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)降(jiang)低(di)30%以上，半(ban)眼痕保留率高達(da)85%以上。pvc爆(bao)(bao)破聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)主(zhu)要(yao)應用于隧道、煤(mei)礦(kuang)、鐵礦(kuang)等需要(yao)進(jin)行光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。采(cai)用聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破可減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)鉆孔(kong)(kong)，擴大(da)孔(kong)(kong)距，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)管(guan)用量，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)超(chao)挖，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)噴漿，提(ti)高半(ban)孔(kong)(kong)率，既節省了(le)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)又提(ti)高了(le)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效率。

在(zai)鐵路、礦山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、水庫等(deng)大(da)(da)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中，爆破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術的(de)(de)作用(yong)很關鍵很重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)。采礦修(xiu)路的(de)(de)開山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)挖(wa)隧(sui)道，城市(shi)對(dui)舊建筑物的(de)(de)拆除(chu)，都會用(yong)到爆破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術。隨著經濟(ji)的(de)(de)發(fa)展、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設的(de)(de)增(zeng)多，爆破(po)(po)(po)引起(qi)了(le)(le)人們更多的(de)(de)關注。爆破(po)(po)(po)聚能(neng)管(guan)作為一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科學技(ji)術，應(ying)用(yong)很廣，但(dan)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)上的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)無疑是(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)、常見(jian)的(de)(de)，采礦開山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，修(xiu)鐵路、公(gong)路用(yong)鉆爆法來開掘隧(sui)道，水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)上也(ye)(ye)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些，城市(shi)里面(mian)也(ye)(ye)使用(yong)了(le)(le)，拆除(chu)樓(lou)房。利用(yong)炸爆炸產(chan)生的(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)能(neng)量破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)某種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)物體(ti)的(de)(de)原結構(gou)，這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)"破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)"效果不是(shi)其他方法能(neng)代替的(de)(de)，它雖(sui)然(ran)不是(shi)獨立完成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，但(dan)卻是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序，特別是(shi)石方開挖(wa)、礦山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)開采等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)缺少(shao)了(le)(le)這個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序還不行。中國目前有發(fa)達的(de)(de)鐵路和公(gong)路交通網，可以想(xiang)象，當初在(zai)修(xiu)這些路的(de)(de)時(shi)候會遇到許(xu)多高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺，一(yi)(yi)(yi)座大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)橫在(zai)兩地之間，想(xiang)要(yao)修(xiu)路，就必須(xu)讓這座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)消失，這個時(shi)候聚能(neng)管(guan)爆破(po)(po)(po)就起(qi)到決定性(xing)作用(yong)了(le)(le)。

水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)爆破(po)是(shi)在(zai)炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)兩端填充(chong)水袋(dai)，中(zhong)間(jian)裝(zhuang)上乳(ru)化(hua)炸，炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)再(zai)用炮(pao)泥封死，炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)間(jian)距(ju)很(hen)大，兩個(ge)炮(pao)空之(zhi)間(jian)相(xiang)距(ju)了一米左(zuo)右，是(shi)常規爆破(po)的(de)(de)(de)炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)間(jian)距(ju)的(de)(de)(de)兩倍，這樣可以節(jie)(jie)省炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)材料，這兩個(ge)凹槽(cao)又稱為(wei)聚(ju)能槽(cao)，聚(ju)能槽(cao)非常重(zhong)要(yao)，放置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)和方向(xiang)都十分講究，一點(dian)也不(bu)能出錯(cuo)，在(zai)爆破(po)的(de)(de)(de)瞬間(jian)，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)聚(ju)能射流立(li)(li)即往(wang)凹槽(cao)兩邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)石(shi)進(jin)行(xing)切(qie)割(ge)，巖(yan)石(shi)如同(tong)豆腐一樣輕松被切(qie)割(ge)切(qie)割(ge)出來的(de)(de)(de)輪廓線十分平順，效(xiao)果(guo)極(ji)好(hao)，聚(ju)能水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)爆破(po)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)水袋(dai)沒有(you)降(jiang)低爆破(po)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)，反而能保護隧道(dao)周邊(bian)植被，減少地質擾動，降(jiang)低煙塵，重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)節(jie)(jie)省炸成(cheng)(cheng)本，在(zai)未(wei)來這項技(ji)術會廣(guang)泛應用于工程中(zhong)，降(jiang)低施工成(cheng)(cheng)本。爆破(po)聚(ju)能管水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面(mian)爆破(po)較水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面(mian)爆破(po)，在(zai)周邊(bian)眼單循環火工品使用量上節(jie)(jie)約費用8.3%，周邊(bian)眼鉆孔(kong)(kong)數量從39個(ge)下降(jiang)為(wei)23個(ge)費用節(jie)(jie)約41%，混凝土噴射每(mei)延(yan)米節(jie)(jie)約1.37立(li)(li)方米。