水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術，是在水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術基礎上發(fa)展起來的(de)一(yi)項新技(ji)術，其(qi)掏(tao)槽(cao)眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和爆(bao)破(po)方式(shi)與水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)相同，但在周邊(bian)眼中安裝專用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝置替代常規爆(bao)破(po)藥卷和傳(chuan)爆(bao)線(xian)，利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)產生的(de)粒子射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)、高(gao)壓爆(bao)破(po)氣體應力及(ji)“氣楔”作用(yong)，形(xing)成平整圓順的(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)，對控(kong)制超欠挖具有良好效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果，有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提升(sheng)了(le)隧道施(shi)工質量、進(jin)度和經濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益。科學(xue)合理地利(li)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)源，提高(gao)能(neng)(neng)源利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)，對節能(neng)(neng)減排(pai)也十分重要。利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)兩(liang)端的(de)水(shui)平開出的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)射(she)流效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應對巖石進(jin)行(xing)破(po)碎。據專家(jia)測算，由于聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)兩(liang)端聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)切割(ge)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)比(bi)提升(sheng)一(yi)個量級。

施工(gong)工(gong)藝嚴格遵循六字方(fang)針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質量(liang)(liang),炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)必須按(an)技(ji)術要(yao)(yao)求合理布置。(2)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)及(ji)其他眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質量(liang)(liang),一定要(yao)(yao)在(zai)規定位置上打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan);二要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)深度和(he)角度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)藥時,要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)乳化炸藥在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)中空內壁中填充飽滿不得(de)有空隙出現(xian)時以(yi)產生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中裝(zhuang)填時,要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的兩條(tiao)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽指(zhi)向(xiang)(xiang)巷道(dao)輪廓線(xian)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)并且各個炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽軸線(xian)方(fang)面要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)相互連接在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)輪廓線(xian)上。否則成型效(xiao)果不僅不好(hao)(hao),反而更(geng)差(cha)。(5)保(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堵塞質量(liang)(liang)。(6)放(fang)炮(pao)員(yuan)應提前按(an)規定裝(zhuang)好(hao)(hao)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的炸藥,并做好(hao)(hao)準備工(gong)作(zuo)。試用范圍:一級至五級圍巖的光(guang)面爆破(po)工(gong)程。

我(wo)國于1983年(nian)制定了(le)(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)行基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此(ci)，在水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電(dian)建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為(wei)必須進(jin)行的保(bao)護邊(bian)坡質(zhi)量的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后(hou)在此(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)上修訂的《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)石基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及在《水(shui)電(dian)水(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)巖(yan)石基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均被編入并(bing)有(you)所改(gai)進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正(zheng)在修編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部也不僅規(gui)定了(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以(yi)上的巖(yan)石邊(bian)坡，設(she)(she)計邊(bian)坡坡度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡部位的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)(she)計和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)都應采用光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或(huo)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并(bing)闡(chan)述(shu)了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)設(she)(she)計的原則和(he)參(can)數、安(an)全措施(shi)(shi)，而且還(huan)明確了(le)(le)路塹邊(bian)坡光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項(xiang)目質(zhi)量驗收檢測數量和(he)檢測方(fang)法。無(wu)疑該規(gui)程(cheng)的實施(shi)(shi)，有(you)力地推動(dong)和(he)促進(jin)了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在鐵路建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)的應用與(yu)發展(zhan)。

雙向爆破聚能管公司給大家介紹下爆破聚能管的技術原理∶炸藥爆炸產生的爆轟波通過聚能管的聚能槽，將炸藥的動能、勢能轉換成高壓、高速、高能的射流，切割演示成縫。專業雙向爆破聚能管射流(liu)在(zai)(zai)孔壁(bi)產(chan)生射流(liu)壓(ya)力(li)達7000MPa，巖石(shi)動載抗(kang)壓(ya)強(qiang)度為(wei)200MPa，抗(kang)拉為(wei)1/8～1/10的抗(kang)壓(ya)強(qiang)度，相鄰兩(liang)炮孔互為(wei)鄰空面，疊加后的壓(ya)縮波變為(wei)稀疏波，在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)炮眼連線上使巖石(shi)結構斷裂，形成裂紋。準靜態(tai)氣體(ti)膨脹(zhang)，靜態(tai)壓(ya)力(li)在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)炮孔最(zui)短連線兩(liang)側(ce)產(chan)生拉力(li)使巖石(shi)裂縫進一步擴展。根據爆破應力(li)集中氣刃(ren)作(zuo)用原則(ze)，爆破氣體(ti)沿裂縫進一步擴大貫通，拋落巖石(shi)。

水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術基礎(chu)上發展起來的一項(xiang)新(xin)技術，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方式與(yu)水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)相(xiang)同，但在(zai)周邊眼中(zhong)安裝專用線性聚(ju)能(neng)藥管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)藥卷和(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線，利用線性聚(ju)能(neng)藥管產生的粒子射流動能(neng)、高壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)氣(qi)體應力(li)及“氣(qi)楔”作用，形(xing)成平整圓順的開(kai)挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)，對控制超欠挖(wa)具有(you)良好效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提升了隧道施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)、進度和(he)經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較(jiao)水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，在(zai)周邊眼單循環火工(gong)品使(shi)用量(liang)上節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔(kong)數(shu)量(liang)從39個下降為23個費(fei)用節(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混(hun)凝土噴(pen)射每延米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米。聚(ju)能(neng)水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)比(bi)水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)每循環節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)用258.4元(yuan)(yuan)，即每延米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)76較(jiao)元(yuan)(yuan)，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)用比(bi)例達32%。此外，聚(ju)能(neng)水壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降低隧道內(nei)石渣塊度和(he)粉塵含量(liang)，還可使(shi)通風時間有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。