在工程爆破中，o型聚能管公司常用的起爆方法有：電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸，進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有：電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式，要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇，開封o型聚能管基本連(lian)接方式有(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串(chuan)并聯(lian)和并串(chuan)聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)力起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法具有(you)(you)較安(an)全、可靠、準確、高效等優點，在(zai)國內外仍(reng)占(zhan)有(you)(you)較大(da)比(bi)重。在(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主要仍(reng)是用電(dian)(dian)力起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的環(huan)境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)力起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要的起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方法。但電(dian)(dian)力起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的干擾而(er)發生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，因(yin)此在(zai)有(you)(you)雜散(san)電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)的環(huan)境中(zhong)，不能使用普通電(dian)(dian)雷管。

水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術基(ji)礎上(shang)發展(zhan)起來(lai)的一項新(xin)技術，其掏槽眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝藥結構(gou)和爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)方式與水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)相同(tong)，但(dan)在周邊眼(yan)中安(an)裝專用(yong)線性(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能藥管替(ti)代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線，利(li)用(yong)線性(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能藥管產生的粒(li)子射(she)流動能、高壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)氣體(ti)應(ying)力及“氣楔”作用(yong)，形成(cheng)平整圓順(shun)的開挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)，對控制超欠挖具(ju)有良好效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提(ti)升了隧道施工質量(liang)、進(jin)度和經濟效(xiao)益。水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在周邊眼(yan)單循(xun)環火工品(pin)使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)上(shang)節(jie)約費用(yong)8.3%，周邊眼(yan)鉆孔(kong)數量(liang)從(cong)39個下降為23個費用(yong)節(jie)約41%，混凝土(tu)噴射(she)每延(yan)(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約1.37立方米(mi)。聚(ju)(ju)能水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每循(xun)環節(jie)約費用(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即(ji)每延(yan)(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約76較元(yuan)，節(jie)約費用(yong)比例達32%。此外(wai)，聚(ju)(ju)能水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能有效(xiao)降低隧道內(nei)石渣塊(kuai)度和粉塵含(han)量(liang)，還可使(shi)通(tong)風時間有效(xiao)縮短33%。

我(wo)國于1983年制(zhi)定了《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖行(xing)基礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此，在(zai)水利(li)水電建(jian)設(she)(she)中預(yu)裂(lie)爆破(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)已成為(wei)(wei)必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護邊(bian)坡(po)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆破(po)開(kai)挖(wa)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施(shi)。此后在(zai)此基礎(chu)(chu)上修(xiu)(xiu)訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖石基礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(SL 47一1994)以及在(zai)《水電水利(li)爆破(po)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)巖石基礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂(lie)爆破(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)均被編入并有所改進(jin)(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正(zheng)在(zai)修(xiu)(xiu)編為(wei)(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也(ye)不(bu)僅規(gui)(gui)定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖石邊(bian)坡(po)，設(she)(she)計邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為(wei)(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆破(po)設(she)(she)計和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)爆破(po)，并闡述了光面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆破(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則和參數、安全措施(shi)，而且還明確了路塹邊(bian)坡(po)光面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆破(po)項(xiang)目質量(liang)驗收檢(jian)測數量(liang)和檢(jian)測方(fang)法。無疑該規(gui)(gui)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)，有力地推動和促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了光面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)鐵路建(jian)設(she)(she)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用與(yu)發展。

對(dui)于爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作(zuo)業安全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究,是(shi)(shi)從兩(liang)個方(fang)面去考(kao)慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)炸和(he)起爆(bao)(bao)器材以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及對(dui)其爆(bao)(bao)炸所造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞(huai)作(zuo)用進行限(xian)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu),這是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。另一(yi)個方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)對(dui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害采取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)護措施,這是(shi)(shi)被動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個方(fang)面。兩(liang)者(zhe)對(dui)阻止爆(bao)(bao)破(po)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞(huai)性有(you)同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性,但在(zai)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),則常常會有(you)變化(hua)不定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)和(he)后果,因(yin)此,必須(xu)對(dui)每一(yi)項(xiang)工程(cheng)破(po)壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體情(qing)況作(zuo)細致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析研(yan)(yan)究,從而(er)采取適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)策(ce)。同時，雖然(ran)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)不斷取得(de)進步，須(xu)在(zai)操作(zuo)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)注意每個工序，按(an)照安全(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)認真作(zuo)業。只要嚴格(ge)遵守安全(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)、正確(que)地采取安全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施和(he)防(fang)護措施,任何(he)規(gui)(gui)模、任何(he)種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)是(shi)(shi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)確(que)保(bao)安全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)些安全(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條文是(shi)(shi)有(you)經驗教(jiao)訓(xun)和(he)理論根據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至是(shi)(shi)血(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓(xun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)結，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要克服麻痹思想，嚴格(ge)執行安全(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，決不能以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)沒出過事故而(er)輕率(lv)地"突破(po)"規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"框(kuang)框(kuang)"。

火(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)傳遞火(huo)焰點燃(ran)火(huo)雷管(guan)(guan)進而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥。這種(zhong)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)所需的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料有(you)(you)：導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)、火(huo)雷管(guan)(guan)和點火(huo)材(cai)料。導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)操(cao)作簡單、靈活，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)便，成本較(jiao)低(di)，廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于小型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破和掘進。由(you)于導(dao)(dao)火(huo)索(suo)的(de)(de)(de)速燃(ran)、緩燃(ran)等弊病，在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中事故所占(zhan)比重最(zui)大。不(bu)能多處(chu)裝藥同(tong)時(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，用(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)直接(jie)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥包的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)叫(jiao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。先用(yong)(yong)雷管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)，當(dang)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波(bo)傳至炸藥包時(shi)(shi)，將炸藥引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在需要延時(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)段(duan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)，將導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)中接(jie)入繼(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)，就能達到(dao)導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破法(fa)(fa)所需起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材(cai)料有(you)(you)：雷管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)和繼(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)等。導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)：串聯(lian)、簇(cu)并(bing)聯(lian)、單向(xiang)分(fen)(fen)段(duan)并(bing)聯(lian)和雙(shuang)向(xiang)分(fen)(fen)段(duan)并(bing)聯(lian)等。