在(zai)(zai)工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)有(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)器材(cai)有(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)、導線和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接形(xing)式(shi)，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要性、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進行(xing)選(xuan)擇，基本連(lian)(lian)接方(fang)式(shi)有(you)(you)(you)：串(chuan)(chuan)聯、并(bing)聯、串(chuan)(chuan)并(bing)聯和(he)并(bing)串(chuan)(chuan)聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)安全(quan)、可靠(kao)、準確、高(gao)效(xiao)等(deng)優點，在(zai)(zai)國內外仍占有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)大比重(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)大、中(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)，主要仍是(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)，不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)。

施工因其(qi)復(fu)雜性、專業性、危險性，稍有不(bu)(bu)(bu)慎，將對人民的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命財產(chan)安全(quan)造成不(bu)(bu)(bu)可估(gu)(gu)量的(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)，例如廣東宏大(da)寧夏(xia)“10.16”、山東保(bao)利“5.20”等重(zhong)大(da)安全(quan)事故。因此，相較其(qi)他(ta)行(xing)業，國家出臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)相關法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)多、專、嚴(yan)，從爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)材(cai)料(liao)（炸(zha)藥、雷管、導爆(bao)(bao)索(suo)?管?及(ji)(ji)相關材(cai)料(liao)）的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、購進、運輸(shu)、儲存、發放(fang)、布網、連接、起爆(bao)(bao)、排(pai)爆(bao)(bao)等一(yi)系列程(cheng)序均(jun)有嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定和科學的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)規(gui)程(cheng)，并且相關從業單位和人員(yuan)均(jun)應取(qu)得相應資(zi)質。做為各類(lei)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)可或(huo)缺的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種導線，特別不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)于(yu)一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)線電(dian)纜，其(qi)質量要求及(ji)(ji)各項技術(shu)參數也與普通電(dian)線電(dian)纜不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)。部分家庭作(zuo)坊式的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)線電(dian)纜廠(chang)無(wu)科學的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工藝(yi)、無(wu)基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)檢測設備、無(wu)專業的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)人員(yuan)，甚至不(bu)(bu)(bu)知道爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)線的(de)(de)(de)質量要求和技術(shu)參數，更不(bu)(bu)(bu)可能制訂自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)企業標(biao)準(zhun)，僅憑簡陋的(de)(de)(de)設備、以粗糙的(de)(de)(de)模仿進行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經營活(huo)動，致使市場充斥(chi)著假冒偽劣產(chan)品，導致爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中提前或(huo)延(yan)遲起爆(bao)(bao)、盲(mang)炮(pao)增加(jia)且強制排(pai)爆(bao)(bao)困(kun)難，給人身安全(quan)和財產(chan)以及(ji)(ji)正(zheng)常的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經營活(huo)動造成了(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可估(gu)(gu)量的(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)。

o型聚能管公司給大家介紹下爆破聚能管的技術原理∶炸藥爆炸產生的爆轟波通過聚能管的聚能槽，將炸藥的動能、勢能轉換成高壓、高速、高能的射流，切割演示成縫。專業o型聚能管射(she)流在孔壁產(chan)生射(she)流壓力(li)(li)達7000MPa，巖(yan)(yan)石動載(zai)抗壓強度為(wei)200MPa，抗拉(la)為(wei)1/8～1/10的抗壓強度，相(xiang)鄰兩(liang)炮孔互為(wei)鄰空面(mian)，疊加后的壓縮波(bo)變為(wei)稀疏波(bo)，在兩(liang)炮眼連線上使巖(yan)(yan)石結(jie)構斷裂(lie)(lie)，形成裂(lie)(lie)紋。準(zhun)靜態氣(qi)(qi)體膨脹，靜態壓力(li)(li)在兩(liang)炮孔最短連線兩(liang)側產(chan)生拉(la)力(li)(li)使巖(yan)(yan)石裂(lie)(lie)縫進一步擴展(zhan)。根據爆破應力(li)(li)集中氣(qi)(qi)刃作用原則，爆破氣(qi)(qi)體沿裂(lie)(lie)縫進一步擴大貫(guan)通(tong)，拋落巖(yan)(yan)石。

預裂(lie)與光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)與現狀(zhuang)：預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是沿(yan)設(she)計開挖邊(bian)(bian)界布置密(mi)集炮孔，采(cai)(cai)(cai)取不(bu)耦(ou)合裝藥(yao)或裝填低(di)威力(li)炸(zha)藥(yao)，在主(zhu)(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區之前起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區與保留區之間形(xing)成(cheng)預裂(lie)縫(feng)，以減弱主(zhu)(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)對保留巖體的(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞并形(xing)成(cheng)平(ping)整(zheng)輪廓面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業(ye)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是沿(yan)設(she)計開挖邊(bian)(bian)界布設(she)密(mi)集炮孔，采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)不(bu)耦(ou)合裝藥(yao)或裝填低(di)威力(li)炸(zha)藥(yao)，在主(zhu)(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)之后(hou)(hou)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)以形(xing)成(cheng)平(ping)整(zheng)的(de)(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業(ye)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術的(de)(de)發展是先出(chu)現光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，然后(hou)(hou)衍生發展為預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。聚能管(guan)國內歷(li)史(shi)與現狀(zhuang)，我國于(yu)1964～1965年在湖北陸水(shui)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)施工中(zhong)做過(guo)淺孔預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，1965年鐵(tie)道部(bu)門(men)在成(cheng)昆(kun)鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)開始試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，1977年在西延線(xian)張家(jia)船工點，全長(chang)近200m的(de)(de)2000m2路塹邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)全部(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)后(hou)(hou)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)平(ping)整(zheng)穩定，殘(can)留的(de)(de)半孔清(qing)晰可見(jian)，是鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)路塹光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。