專用o型聚能管預裂與光面爆破技術的歷史與現狀：預裂爆破是沿設計開挖邊界布置密集炮孔，采取不耦合裝藥或裝填低威力炸藥，在主爆區之前起爆，從而在爆區與保留區之間形成預裂縫，以減弱主爆破對保留巖體的破壞并形成平整輪廓面的爆破作業。o型聚能管廠家光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)是沿設(she)計開(kai)挖邊界(jie)布設(she)密(mi)集炮孔，采(cai)用(yong)不耦合裝藥或裝填低威力炸藥，在主爆區爆破(po)(po)之后(hou)起爆的(de)以形成平(ping)整的(de)開(kai)挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)爆破(po)(po)作業。爆破(po)(po)技術的(de)發展是先出現(xian)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)，然后(hou)衍生發展為預裂爆破(po)(po)。聚能管國內歷(li)史與(yu)現(xian)狀(zhuang)，我國于1964～1965年在湖北陸水(shui)水(shui)電站(zhan)施(shi)工中(zhong)做(zuo)過淺(qian)孔預裂爆破(po)(po)試(shi)驗，1965年鐵道(dao)部門在成昆鐵路(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)開(kai)始試(shi)驗光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)，1977年在西延線(xian)張家船(chuan)工點，全(quan)長(chang)近200m的(de)2000m2路(lu)塹邊坡全(quan)部采(cai)用(yong)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)，爆破(po)(po)后(hou)邊坡平(ping)整穩定，殘留的(de)半孔清晰可見，是鐵路(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)路(lu)塹光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)。

水壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破技(ji)(ji)術在(zai)隧道掘(jue)進(jin)作(zuo)業(ye)中的(de)實際(ji)應用。提升光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破水平(ping)、嚴抓隧道超挖管控進(jin)行了介(jie)紹。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)術很(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操作(zuo)性很(hen)強、材(cai)料(liao)成(cheng)本很(hen)低、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)速(su)度(du)很(hen)快、節能(neng)(neng)環保效(xiao)(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益社(she)會效(xiao)(xiao)益很(hen)高。一是要(yao)(yao)(yao)提高對推廣該項技(ji)(ji)術重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)性和必然性的(de)認(ren)識;二是要(yao)(yao)(yao)樹立(li)必須采取聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破的(de)意識;三是要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持培訓(xun)、示范、監督“三位一體”;四是要(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)定切實的(de)獎(jiang)懲制(zhi)度(du);五(wu)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)建立(li)檢查監督機制(zhi)，持續促進(jin)該項技(ji)(ji)術的(de)深(shen)入推廣。在(zai)隧道施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)現場管理(li)、科技(ji)(ji)創新、人才培養(yang)、經濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益等方面(mian)的(de)不(bu)足。建議對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)一線基(ji)礎(chu)技(ji)(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)扎實推進(jin);對新工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、先進(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)要(yao)(yao)(yao)深(shen)入學(xue)習鉆研;對消(xiao)極懈怠、故步自(zi)封的(de)思想要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)。

水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)較(jiao)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)，在(zai)周邊眼(yan)單循(xun)環(huan)火工品使用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)上(shang)節約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼(yan)鉆孔數(shu)量(liang)(liang)從(cong)39個下降為23個費用(yong)(yong)(yong)節約(yue)41%，混(hun)凝土噴(pen)射(she)每延(yan)米(mi)節約(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)比(bi)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)每循(xun)環(huan)節約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每延(yan)米(mi)節約(yue)76較(jiao)元，節約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)例達32%。此外，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)(xiao)降低隧道(dao)內石渣塊度(du)和粉塵(chen)含(han)量(liang)(liang)，還可(ke)使通風時間有效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)工藝技(ji)術很成熟、可(ke)操(cao)作性很強、材料(liao)成本很低、施工速(su)度(du)很快、節能(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)保效(xiao)(xiao)果很顯著、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益社會效(xiao)(xiao)益很高(gao)。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術是近幾年發展(zhan)起來的一項掘(jue)進(jin)新技(ji)術,這種爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術與傳統的光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術有一定(ding)的差別,聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)原理是在(zai)巷道(dao)周邊眼(yan)中,將炸裝在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao),爆(bao)破(po)時利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong)(yong)(yong),以減少裂(lie)隙的數(shu)量(liang)(liang)和控制優(you)勢裂(lie)隙的發展(zhan)方向(xiang)。

是將炸藥(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內，兩(liang)頭均(jun)放置(zhi)了水(shui)袋，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)爆炸產(chan)生的高溫高壓射(she)流，讓水(shui)袋產(chan)生“水(shui)楔(xie)”效(xiao)應,使圍(wei)巖裂縫加劇(ju)延伸擴展(zhan)。它是在(zai)水(shui)壓光面爆破(po)基(ji)礎(chu)上發展(zhan)起(qi)來的一(yi)項(xiang)新技(ji)術(shu)，區別只是在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼中(zhong)(zhong)安(an)裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)線(xian)性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)替代常規爆破(po)藥(yao)(yao)卷(juan)和傳爆線(xian)，只要做到(dao)七大關鍵環節(jie)：水(shui)袋挺拔飽滿(man)、炮(pao)泥(ni)軟硬適中(zhong)(zhong)、水(shui)袋裝(zhuang)填到(dao)底、炮(pao)泥(ni)回填到(dao)口、木棍逐節(jie)搗固、水(shui)藥(yao)(yao)緊密相連、槽面必須(xu)平行，就能(neng)(neng)(neng)對控制超(chao)欠挖起(qi)到(dao)良好效(xiao)果(guo)。在(zai)推廣水(shui)壓爆破(po)的基(ji)礎(chu)上，去年(nian)9月，水(shui)壓聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)爆破(po)的成果(guo)上，今(jin)年(nian)更為深入地(di)在(zai)興泉鐵路(lu)大嶺(ling)隧(sui)道、牡(mu)佳鐵路(lu)麻山隧(sui)道采(cai)用(yong)(yong)了此項(xiang)技(ji)術(shu)，積累了成功經驗(yan)。