我國于(yu)1983年制定(ding)了(le)(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)行(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自此(ci)(ci)，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)已(yi)成(cheng)為必(bi)須(xu)進(jin)行(xing)的保(bao)護(hu)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)質量(liang)的爆(bao)破(po)(po)開挖(wa)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)(ci)后在(zai)此(ci)(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)上修訂的《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以及在(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電(dian)水(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)均被編入并(bing)有所改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅(jin)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)，設計邊(bian)坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)部位的爆(bao)破(po)(po)設計和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述了(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)設計的原則和參(can)數、安全措施(shi)(shi)，而且還明確(que)了(le)(le)路塹邊(bian)坡(po)(po)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)項目(mu)質量(liang)驗收(shou)檢(jian)測數量(liang)和檢(jian)測方法。無疑該規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的實(shi)施(shi)(shi)，有力地推動和促(cu)進(jin)了(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)鐵路建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)的應(ying)用與發展。

采(cai)用(yong)一種抗靜電阻燃的特(te)種塑料管(guan)(guan)、異形雙(shuang)槽聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)，根(gen)據炮眼深(shen)度可(ke)(ke)長可(ke)(ke)短。是兩個(ge)相似半(ban)壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)組(zu)成，半(ban)壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)中央有個(ge)凹進(jin)去的槽叫做'聚能(neng)槽"，使用(yong)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)光面(mian)爆破(po)成型效果好，開(kai)挖輪廓線平順整齊，圍(wei)巖(yan)擾動(dong)減(jian)(jian)少、超欠挖明顯改(gai)善，有利(li)于支護工(gong)(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，同時(shi)混凝土回(hui)填(tian)成本(ben)大(da)為降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)。鑿孔(kong)(kong)率減(jian)(jian)少30%，大(da)大(da)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)了爆破(po)作業工(gong)(gong)班的勞動(dong)量:鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)縮短30分(fen)鐘、少打(da)眼、出渣(zha)量減(jian)(jian)少，降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)了材料成本(ben)、減(jian)(jian)少工(gong)(gong)時(shi)消耗、勞動(dong)效率明顯提高(gao)，周邊眼爆破(po)成本(ben)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)30%以(yi)上(shang)，半(ban)眼痕保留率高(gao)達(da)85%以(yi)上(shang)。pvc爆破(po)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應(ying)用(yong)于隧道、煤(mei)礦、鐵礦等(deng)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行光面(mian)爆破(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)程。采(cai)用(yong)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的光面(mian)爆破(po)可(ke)(ke)減(jian)(jian)少鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)，擴大(da)孔(kong)(kong)距，減(jian)(jian)少導爆管(guan)(guan)用(yong)量，減(jian)(jian)少超挖，減(jian)(jian)少噴(pen)漿(jiang)，提高(gao)半(ban)孔(kong)(kong)率，既節(jie)省了成本(ben)又提高(gao)了施(shi)工(gong)(gong)效率。

o型聚能管價格聚能藥包破碎法特點是:不需要打眼，因而不需要購買打眼設備和動力設備;施工簡單，施工進度比淺眼爆破法快安全性比普通淺眼爆破法和普通裸露藥包法好;勞動強度比淺眼爆破法低。o型聚能管價格制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)所采用(yong)(yong)的(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑索金和(he)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)混合(he)熔鑄型(xing)(xing);乳(ru)化(hua)油炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)黑索金混裝(zhuang)型(xing)(xing)和(he)二號巖石硝鉸炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)(xing)。根(gen)據使用(yong)(yong)的(de)結果(guo)證明，選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)密度較(jiao)大和(he)爆速較(jiao)高的(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)能(neng)獲得較(jiao)好的(de)破(po)(po)(po)碎效(xiao)果(guo)。這主要是由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)它加工簡單和(he)破(po)(po)(po)碎能(neng)力較(jiao)大。在(zai)礦山(shan)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)二次破(po)(po)(po)碎消耗的(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)較(jiao)多，而(er)且金屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)(xing)罩的(de)加工費(fei)工又費(fei)材料(liao)，所以多不采用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)(xing)罩。國內生產的(de)一種(zhong)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)破(po)(po)(po)碎大塊的(de)聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)，裝(zhuang)置聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)時，要將藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)垂直裝(zhuang)在(zai)大塊的(de)頂面上，聚能(neng)穴朝(chao)下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)位(wei)置應選(xuan)在(zai)頂面的(de)幾(ji)何中心或附近較(jiao)平整的(de)地(di)點(dian)。然后在(zai)上面覆蓋泥沙。

水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)技術(shu)基(ji)礎上發展(zhan)起(qi)來(lai)的(de)一項新技術(shu)，其掏槽(cao)眼(yan)、輔(fu)助眼(yan)裝藥(yao)(yao)(yao)結構和(he)爆破(po)方(fang)式與水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)相(xiang)同，但(dan)在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼(yan)中安裝專用(yong)線性聚(ju)能藥(yao)(yao)(yao)管替代常規爆破(po)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)卷和(he)傳爆線，利(li)用(yong)線性聚(ju)能藥(yao)(yao)(yao)管產生的(de)粒子(zi)射(she)流動能、高壓(ya)爆破(po)氣(qi)體應力及“氣(qi)楔”作用(yong)，形成平整圓順的(de)開(kai)挖輪廓面(mian)，對控制超欠挖具有(you)(you)良(liang)好(hao)效(xiao)果，有(you)(you)效(xiao)提升(sheng)了(le)隧道施工質量(liang)、進度和(he)經濟效(xiao)益。水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)，在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼(yan)單循(xun)環火(huo)工品(pin)使用(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊眼(yan)鉆孔數量(liang)從39個下降為23個費(fei)用(yong)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%，混(hun)凝(ning)土噴射(she)每(mei)延(yan)米節(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方(fang)米。聚(ju)能水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)比水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)每(mei)循(xun)環節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即每(mei)延(yan)米節(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較元(yuan)，節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)比例達32%。此外，聚(ju)能水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)能有(you)(you)效(xiao)降低隧道內石渣塊度和(he)粉(fen)塵含量(liang)，還可使通風時間有(you)(you)效(xiao)縮短33%。

水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，在周邊眼單循環火工(gong)品(pin)使用(yong)量上節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從(cong)39個下降(jiang)為23個費用(yong)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝土(tu)噴射每延(yan)(yan)米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方(fang)米。水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)比(bi)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)每循環節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即每延(yan)(yan)米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)76較元(yuan)，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)比(bi)例(li)達32%。此外，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效降(jiang)低隧道(dao)內石渣塊度和粉塵含量，還可(ke)使通風時間有效縮短33%。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)工(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成熟(shu)、可(ke)操(cao)作(zuo)性很(hen)強(qiang)、材料成本很(hen)低、施(shi)工(gong)速度很(hen)快、節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環保效果很(hen)顯著、經濟效益(yi)社會效益(yi)很(hen)高。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)是近幾年發展起(qi)來的一項掘(jue)進新技(ji)(ji)術(shu),這種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與傳統(tong)的光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)有一定的差別,聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)原理是在巷(xiang)道(dao)周邊眼中,將炸裝(zhuang)在聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用(yong),以減少裂(lie)隙(xi)的數量和控制優勢裂(lie)隙(xi)的發展方(fang)向。