在工程爆破中，礦用型雙向聚能管廠家常用的起爆方法有：電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸，進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有：電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式，要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇，青島礦用型雙向聚能管基本連接方(fang)式有：串聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串并(bing)聯(lian)和(he)并(bing)串聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有較(jiao)安全、可靠、準(zhun)確(que)、高效等優點，在國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)仍占(zhan)有較(jiao)大(da)比重。在大(da)、中型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)破中，主(zhu)要(yao)仍是(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起爆(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在有瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)炸的環境中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起爆(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)的起爆(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起爆(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的干(gan)擾(rao)而發生早爆(bao)(bao)，因此在有雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的環境中，不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。

我國于1983年制定(ding)了(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)(wu)巖(yan)行基礎(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)(fan)(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此，在水(shui)利水(shui)電建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預裂(lie)(lie)爆破(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)已(yi)成為(wei)必(bi)須進行的(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)爆破(po)開(kai)(kai)挖技(ji)術(shu)措施。此后在此基礎(chu)上修(xiu)訂的(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)(wu)巖(yan)石(shi)基礎(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)(fan)(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在《水(shui)電水(shui)利爆破(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)(wu)巖(yan)石(shi)基礎(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預裂(lie)(lie)爆破(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)均(jun)被編入并有(you)所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正(zheng)在修(xiu)編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部也不(bu)僅規定(ding)了(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上的(de)巖(yan)石(shi)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)坡(po)(po)(po)度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)部位(wei)的(de)爆破(po)設(she)計(ji)和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)或預裂(lie)(lie)爆破(po)，并闡述了(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie)(lie))爆破(po)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)設(she)計(ji)的(de)原(yuan)則和參數、安全措施，而且還明(ming)確(que)了(le)路塹邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie)(lie))爆破(po)項(xiang)目質(zhi)量(liang)驗收檢測數量(liang)和檢測方法。無(wu)疑該規程的(de)實(shi)施，有(you)力(li)地推動(dong)和促進了(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂(lie)(lie))爆破(po)技(ji)術(shu)在鐵路建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)應用與發展。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包由(you)炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引信和(he)(he)(he)支架等部(bu)分組成(cheng)，其(qi)作用(yong)(yong)及對(dui)(dui)(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力的(de)(de)(de)影響分述如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)爆破的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越大(da)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力越大(da)；為(wei)得到高(gao)爆壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，需(xu)高(gao)爆速、高(gao)密(mi)度的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)有梯(ti)恩梯(ti)、8321炸(zha)(zha)等，裝方法有熔鑄，塑裝和(he)(he)(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)裝多(duo)(duo)種。2．型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)把(ba)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而(er)提(ti)高(gao)其(qi)穿透和(he)(he)(he)切(qie)割(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)必須滿足四(si)點要求，即可壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮性小、密(mi)度高(gao)、塑性和(he)(he)(he)延展性好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射(she)流中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不汽化。大(da)量試驗證明，用(yong)(yong)紫(zi)銅制作型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效(xiao)果好，其(qi)次為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)多(duo)(duo)種多(duo)(duo)樣，主要有軸對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)、半球形(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)，常見的(de)(de)(de)有用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割(ge)屬板材的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)線形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割(ge)管(guan)(guan)材的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)，這種球形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心有球形(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)(he)(he)球形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷(fu)設炸(zha)(zha)，若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同時起爆，可在(zai)空腔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心點獲得極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)軸對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)和(he)(he)(he)面對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)兩類型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

在建造隧(sui)道(dao)的(de)(de)時候，人(ren)們首先(xian)想到的(de)(de)個方(fang)式，就是(shi)(shi)使用(yong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術，開山挖隧(sui)道(dao)修(xiu)路，常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術需要使用(yong)數以噸(dun)計(ji)的(de)(de)炸，炸的(de)(de)威力十分巨(ju)大，但是(shi)(shi)在炸完(wan)之后(hou)，空氣中全是(shi)(shi)煙(yan)塵，根本無法進入，另外常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)炸出來(lai)的(de)(de)輪(lun)廓線凹凸不平，后(hou)期常常需要工(gong)人(ren)進一步修(xiu)補(bu)輪(lun)廓線才能進行下(xia)一道(dao)工(gong)序，耗(hao)時耗(hao)力，那么(me)有(you)沒有(you)其他的(de)(de)方(fang)式比常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術更好(hao)呢？2018年(nian)3月(yue)，央視報道(dao)了(le)一場隧(sui)道(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)對(dui)比實驗，實驗采用(yong)兩種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術，滴喲中是(shi)(shi)使用(yong)炸的(de)(de)常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術，第二種(zhong)則是(shi)(shi)國人(ren)新發明的(de)(de)聚能水壓光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術，隨著聲聲巨(ju)響，這(zhe)(zhe)場對(dui)比試驗的(de)(de)結果超乎所有(you)人(ren)的(de)(de)意料，聚能水壓爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸效(xiao)果更好(hao)，而且爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)水霧能將煙(yan)塵覆蓋，起到降(jiang)塵的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，這(zhe)(zhe)項爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)新方(fang)式得到了(le)觀眾們的(de)(de)認(ren)可(ke)。

水(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破是(shi)在炮(pao)孔(kong)兩端填充水(shui)袋(dai)(dai)，中間裝上乳(ru)化炸，炮(pao)孔(kong)再用(yong)(yong)炮(pao)泥封(feng)死，炮(pao)孔(kong)間距(ju)(ju)很大，兩個(ge)(ge)炮(pao)空(kong)之間相距(ju)(ju)了(le)一米(mi)左(zuo)右，是(shi)常規爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)炮(pao)孔(kong)間距(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)兩倍，這(zhe)樣可以(yi)節省炮(pao)孔(kong)材料，這(zhe)兩個(ge)(ge)凹(ao)槽(cao)又(you)稱為(wei)聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)，聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)非常重要，放置(zhi)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)和方向都十(shi)分講究，一點也(ye)不能(neng)出錯，在爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)聚(ju)能(neng)射流立即往凹(ao)槽(cao)兩邊的(de)(de)巖石進(jin)行切割，巖石如同豆腐一樣輕松被切割切割出來(lai)的(de)(de)輪(lun)廓線十(shi)分平順(shun)，效(xiao)果(guo)極(ji)好，聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破中的(de)(de)水(shui)袋(dai)(dai)沒有降低(di)爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)，反(fan)而能(neng)保護隧道周(zhou)邊植被，減(jian)少地(di)質(zhi)擾動，降低(di)煙塵，重要的(de)(de)是(shi)節省炸成(cheng)本(ben)，在未來(lai)這(zhe)項(xiang)技術(shu)會(hui)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于工(gong)程(cheng)中，降低(di)施工(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)。爆(bao)(bao)破聚(ju)能(neng)管水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破較(jiao)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破，在周(zhou)邊眼(yan)單循環火(huo)工(gong)品使用(yong)(yong)量(liang)上節約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊眼(yan)鉆孔(kong)數(shu)量(liang)從39個(ge)(ge)下降為(wei)23個(ge)(ge)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節約41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每延米(mi)節約1.37立方米(mi)。

采用(yong)一(yi)種抗靜電阻燃的(de)(de)特種塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、異形雙槽(cao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，根據(ju)炮眼(yan)深度可(ke)長可(ke)短。是兩(liang)個(ge)相似半(ban)(ban)壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)組(zu)成，半(ban)(ban)壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中央有個(ge)凹進去的(de)(de)槽(cao)叫做'聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)"，使用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)成型效(xiao)果好(hao)，開挖(wa)輪廓線平順整(zheng)齊(qi)，圍巖(yan)擾動減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)、超欠挖(wa)明顯改善，有利于支(zhi)護工(gong)序施(shi)(shi)工(gong)，同時(shi)混凝土回填成本(ben)(ben)大為降(jiang)低(di)(di)。鑿孔(kong)(kong)率(lv)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)30%，大大降(jiang)低(di)(di)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)作業工(gong)班(ban)的(de)(de)勞動量:鉆孔(kong)(kong)縮短30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)、出(chu)渣量減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)低(di)(di)了(le)材料(liao)成本(ben)(ben)、減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)時(shi)消耗、勞動效(xiao)率(lv)明顯提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)，周邊眼(yan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)成本(ben)(ben)降(jiang)低(di)(di)30%以上，半(ban)(ban)眼(yan)痕保留(liu)率(lv)高(gao)(gao)達85%以上。pvc爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)主要應用(yong)于隧道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵(tie)礦(kuang)等需要進行(xing)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)程。采用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)可(ke)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)鉆孔(kong)(kong)，擴大孔(kong)(kong)距，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)用(yong)量，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)超挖(wa)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)噴(pen)漿，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)半(ban)(ban)孔(kong)(kong)率(lv)，既節省了(le)成本(ben)(ben)又提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)了(le)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)。