在工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是利(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而(er)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需的器(qi)材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)線(xian)和起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的連(lian)接形式(shi)，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規(gui)模、工程的重要(yao)性(xing)、所選(xuan)(xuan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進行選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)，基本連(lian)接方(fang)式(shi)有(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯、并(bing)聯、串(chuan)并(bing)聯和并(bing)串(chuan)聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)(you)較安全、可靠、準(zhun)確、高效等(deng)優點(dian)，在國內(nei)外仍(reng)占(zhan)有(you)(you)較大比重。在大、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，主(zhu)要(yao)仍(reng)是用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的環(huan)境(jing)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主(zhu)要(yao)的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的干擾而(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)(you)雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的環(huan)境(jing)中，不能使(shi)用(yong)(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

一、查驗生產企業資質：1、經過歷年年審的法人營業執照：一般情況下，個體工商戶、個人獨資企業注冊資金低于人民幣五十萬元的即可認定為家庭作坊式廠家。2、雙向爆破聚能管公司具備一般納稅人資格的稅務登記證：企業產品年度銷售額達到或超過一定金額（以稅務發票開具數額為準）并經主管稅務機關核準、具備獨立的開票場所、專職會計及相應的辦稅機具才能升級為一般納稅人企業。3、經過歷年年審的組織機構代碼證：組織機構代碼證是中華人民共和國境內始終不變的法定代碼標識，未經年度審驗的，可視為非法機構。4、國家強制性產品認證證書：一般情況下，所有的電線電纜生產企業只要生產國家強制性產品認證范圍內產品的必須通過國家強制性產品認證（CCC）。專業雙向爆破聚能管依基本(ben)常識判斷，既然單(dan)位(wei)名稱為“xxx電線廠(chang)”“xxx線纜廠(chang)”，其(qi)產(chan)品未通(tong)過或(huo)從未通(tong)過國(guo)家強(qiang)制性產(chan)品認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)其(qi)硬件、軟件設施及人員配備(bei)根本(ben)達不到一個(ge)(ge)合格的電線電纜生產(chan)廠(chang)家應(ying)具備(bei)的條件。5、國(guo)際質量體(ti)系(xi)認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書：ISO國(guo)際質量體(ti)系(xi)認證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是一個(ge)(ge)企業整(zheng)體(ti)素質、產(chan)品質量管理水平(ping)以及服務水平(ping)的標志。6、開(kai)戶許可證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。

光面(mian)爆破技術優(you)勢(shi)：相對(dui)于傳統(tong)爆破工藝，聚能(neng)管(guan)光面(mian)爆破比常規(gui)爆破具有(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)優(you)勢(shi)∶少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)，少(shao)(shao)裝藥。節(jie)約(yue)(yue)周邊鉆孔(kong)量50%，總鉆孔(kong)進(jin)尺減少(shao)(shao)30%；節(jie)約(yue)(yue)炸藥10～20%，雷管(guan)30%。節(jie)約(yue)(yue)噴(pen)漿(jiang)料15-20%。節(jie)省時間(jian)∶每循(xun)環鉆孔(kong)、裝藥、噴(pen)漿(jiang)時間(jian)1.5-2.0小時。在安全方(fang)面(mian)利用(yong)水沙(sha)袋替代(dai)炮(pao)泥，以(yi)(yi)(yi)避免搗炮(pao)泥損毀電雷管(guan)導線(xian)，造成(cheng)瞎(xia)炮(pao)。大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)減少(shao)(shao)對(dui)圍巖擾動，光面(mian)效(xiao)果好，巖性(xing)條(tiao)件差(cha)情況(kuang)下(xia)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)減少(shao)(shao)超挖量，控(kong)制巷道成(cheng)型；巖性(xing)完整無節(jie)理情況(kuang)下(xia)眼(yan)痕率可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)達到(dao)(dao)90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，巷道成(cheng)型好，穩定性(xing)強。布(bu)孔(kong)方(fang)式優(you)化成(cheng)多(duo)排(pai)掏槽布(bu)孔(kong)，單次掘進(jin)深度可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)優(you)化提高10%到(dao)(dao)15%不等。由于炮(pao)孔(kong)數量大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)減少(shao)(shao)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)考慮一起全斷面(mian)起爆，節(jie)省放炮(pao)時間(jian)。

對(dui)于爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業安(an)全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)(jiu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)兩(liang)個方(fang)面(mian)去(qu)考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)炸和(he)起爆(bao)(bao)器(qi)材以(yi)及對(dui)其爆(bao)(bao)炸所造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞作用進(jin)(jin)行限制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術(shu),這是(shi)(shi)(shi)主動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。另一(yi)(yi)個方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害采取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防護措施,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)被動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個方(fang)面(mian)。兩(liang)者對(dui)阻止爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)壞性有同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性,但在(zai)(zai)具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)程中(zhong),則常常會(hui)有變化不定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象和(he)后果,因(yin)此,必須對(dui)每(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)工(gong)程破(po)(po)壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)情況作細致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)研究(jiu)(jiu),從(cong)而采取(qu)適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)策。同時，雖然技(ji)術(shu)不斷(duan)取(qu)得進(jin)(jin)步，須在(zai)(zai)操作過(guo)程中(zhong)注意每(mei)(mei)個工(gong)序，按照(zhao)安(an)全(quan)(quan)規程認真作業。只要嚴格遵守安(an)全(quan)(quan)規程、正確(que)地(di)采取(qu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術(shu)措施和(he)防護措施,任何規模(mo)、任何種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)確(que)保安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)(yi)些安(an)全(quan)(quan)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條文(wen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有經驗教訓和(he)理論根據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至是(shi)(shi)(shi)血的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)結，所以(yi)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要克服(fu)麻痹思想，嚴格執行安(an)全(quan)(quan)規定(ding)(ding)，決不能以(yi)沒出過(guo)事故(gu)而輕率(lv)地(di)"突(tu)破(po)(po)"規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"框框"。

聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)碎(sui)法特點是:不需要打眼，因而(er)不需要購買(mai)打眼設備(bei)和動(dong)力設備(bei);施工(gong)(gong)簡(jian)單，施工(gong)(gong)進度(du)比淺眼爆(bao)破(po)(po)法快安全性比普(pu)(pu)通淺眼爆(bao)破(po)(po)法和普(pu)(pu)通裸露藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)法好;勞動(dong)強(qiang)度(du)比淺眼爆(bao)破(po)(po)法低。制造聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)所采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)炸藥(yao)有:黑索(suo)(suo)金和梯恩(en)梯混(hun)(hun)合熔鑄型(xing)(xing);乳化油炸藥(yao)和黑索(suo)(suo)金混(hun)(hun)裝(zhuang)型(xing)(xing)和二號巖(yan)石硝鉸炸藥(yao)壓制型(xing)(xing)。根據使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)證(zheng)明，選用(yong)密度(du)較大(da)(da)和爆(bao)速(su)較高的(de)(de)(de)炸藥(yao)制造聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)獲得較好的(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)碎(sui)效果(guo)。這主要是由于它加工(gong)(gong)簡(jian)單和破(po)(po)碎(sui)能(neng)力較大(da)(da)。在(zai)礦山由于二次破(po)(po)碎(sui)消耗的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)較多，而(er)且金屬藥(yao)型(xing)(xing)罩的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)費工(gong)(gong)又費材料，所以多不采用(yong)藥(yao)型(xing)(xing)罩。國(guo)內生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)一種用(yong)于破(po)(po)碎(sui)大(da)(da)塊(kuai)(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)，裝(zhuang)置聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)時，要將藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)垂(chui)直裝(zhuang)在(zai)大(da)(da)塊(kuai)(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)面(mian)上，聚(ju)能(neng)穴(xue)朝下。藥(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)位置應選在(zai)頂(ding)(ding)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)幾何中心或附(fu)近較平整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)地點。然(ran)后在(zai)上面(mian)覆(fu)蓋泥沙(sha)。

水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆破技術(shu)在隧道掘(jue)進(jin)作(zuo)業中的(de)實(shi)際(ji)應用。提升光面(mian)爆破水(shui)平、嚴(yan)抓隧道超挖管(guan)控進(jin)行了介紹。聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆破工(gong)(gong)藝技術(shu)很成熟、可(ke)操作(zuo)性很強、材料成本很低、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)速(su)度很快、節能(neng)環保效(xiao)果很顯著、經濟效(xiao)益社會(hui)效(xiao)益很高。一是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提高對(dui)(dui)推(tui)廣該項技術(shu)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)性和必(bi)然性的(de)認識(shi);二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)樹(shu)立必(bi)須(xu)采(cai)取聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆破的(de)意(yi)識(shi);三是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持(chi)培訓、示(shi)范(fan)、監督(du)“三位(wei)一體”;四是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)定(ding)切實(shi)的(de)獎懲制(zhi)度;五(wu)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)建立檢查監督(du)機制(zhi)，持(chi)續促進(jin)該項技術(shu)的(de)深入推(tui)廣。在隧道施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)現場管(guan)理、科技創新、人才培養、經濟效(xiao)益等方面(mian)的(de)不足。建議(yi)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)一線(xian)基礎技術(shu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)扎(zha)實(shi)推(tui)進(jin);對(dui)(dui)新工(gong)(gong)藝、先進(jin)工(gong)(gong)法(fa)要(yao)(yao)(yao)深入學習(xi)鉆研(yan);對(dui)(dui)消極懈怠、故步自封的(de)思(si)想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)。